Several events and notable births happened during 1923 in the British Mandate of Palestine.

• High Commissioner – Sir Herbert Louis Samuel
• Emir of Transjordan – Abdullah I bin al-Hussein
• Prime Minister of Transjordan – 'Ali Rida Basha al-Rikabi until 1 February; Mazhar Raslan (acting prime minister) until 5 September; Hasan Khalid Abu al-Huda

• 15 May – Britain recognizes Transjordan as an independent government, although it still remains under the British Mandate of Palestine.

• 16–20 June – Sixth Palestine Arab Congress held in Jaffa.

• 26 September – The British Mandate for Palestine, a legal instrument for the administration of Palestine, confirmed by the Council of the League of Nations on 24 July 1922, comes into effect.

• The founding of Ramat HaSharon, at the time named Ir Shalom (Hebrew: עִיר שָׁלוֹם, lit. City of Peace), by a group of Jewish immigrants from Poland.^[1]

• 21 February - Avraham Biton, Israeli politician (died 2005).
• 6 March - Gideon Ben-Yisrael, Israeli politician (died 2014).
• 10 March - Shmuel Tamir, Israeli lawyer and politician (died 1987).
• 13 March – Eliezer Kashani, Irgun fighter, one of the Olei Hagardom (died 1947).
• 7 June – Uzzi Ornan, Israeli linguist (died 2022).
• 20 July – Mattityahu Peled, Israeli general and peace activist (died 1995).
• 2 September – Moshe Kelman, Israeli military officer (died 1980).
• 12 September – Aviad Yafeh, Israeli politician (died 1977).
• 15 September – Yosef Harish, Israeli jurist, Attorney General of Israel (died 2013).
• 27 September – Meir Avizohar, Israeli politician (died 2008).
• 9 October – Haim Gouri, Israeli poet, novelist, journalist and documentary filmmaker (died 2018).