Zangbeto in 2006
Zangbeto in a vodun-festival in Benin.

Zangbeto are the traditional Vodún guardians of the night among the Ogu (or Egun) people of Benin, Togo, and Nigeria. A traditional police and security institution, the Zangbeto cult is charged with the maintenance of law and order, and ensures safety and security within Ogu communities.[1] They are highly revered and act as an unofficial police force patrolling the streets, especially in the night, watching over people and their properties, and tracking down criminals and presenting them to the community to punish. Originally created to scare the enemy away, Zangbeto will wander the streets to detect thieves and witches, and to protect law and order.[2]

Description

Relating its fundamental cultural role in local vigilantism and community policing in Ogu societies, Zangbeto is a term in Gun language which means "Men of the night" or "Night-watchmen".[3] According to further linguistic etymology the term Zangbeto is derived from 'Zan' meaning night and 'gbeto' meaning person or people, reinforcing its role as "People of the night".[4]

The Zangbeto takes on a covering made from an intricate mass of tiny strands of hay, raffia, or other threadlike materials, which are sometimes dyed in very colorful hues.[3] These raffia costumes, sometimes adorned with masks or crowned with horns, are the only outward symbols of the Zangbeto society. It is considered a serious offense to touch the raffia robes or to suggest that they are worn by men; traditionally, such an offense was punishable by death.[5] They are able to fall into a trance which, according to tradition, enables their bodies to be inhabited by spirits who possess special knowledge of the actions of people. However, Ogu legend tells that there are no humans under the costume, only spirits of the night.[6]

In Ogu culture, the Zangbetos are the traditional security guards or policemen of their communities. They are said to form a secret society which can only be strictly attended by Zangbeto and vodúnsɛntó. Zangbeto is deemed to have spiritistic and magical abilities, such as swallowing splinters of glass without coming to any harm and scaring away even witches.[7][better source needed].They are also believed to have powers to purify and protect the town and villages from social evils.[4] In a trance, the Zangbeto are said to evoke a power that inhabited the earth long before the appearance of man and provide a source of wisdom and continuity for the Ogu people. Some oral traditions assert that Zangbeto are sea spirits who once emerged from the ocean clothed in raffia to serve the community, emphasizing their mythical and sacred origins. [4]

Elaborate festivals built around the Zangbeto are held regularly in different Ogu communities across West Africa. The popular ones are those that hold in Porto-Novo, Benin Republic and in Ajido, Lagos, Nigeria.[8][9][10] These festivals comprise colorful displays, electrifying performances, and magic by the man inside the Zangbeto.

Notes

Citations

  1. ^ Okunola & Ojo 2013, pp. 199–220.
  2. ^ VoA.
  3. ^ a b Okure 2016, pp. 10–30.
  4. ^ a b c Ogungbile, David (23 September 2015). African Indigenous Religious Traditions in Local and Global Contexts: Perspectives on Nigeria. Malthouse Press. pp. 258–268. ISBN 978-978-53250-1-0.
  5. ^ Parrinder, Geoffrey (17 September 2014). West African Religion: A Study of the Beliefs and Practices of Akan, Ewe, Yoruba, Ibo, and Kindred Peoples. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4982-0492-7.
  6. ^ Hunsu 2011.
  7. ^ Butler 2006, p. 32.
  8. ^ Images 2020.
  9. ^ New York Post/AP 2018.
  10. ^ Olukoya 2018.

Works cited

Allikas: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zangbeto
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