Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld, also spelled Zonnenfeld (Hebrew: יוסף חיים זאננענפעלד; 1 December 1848 – 26 February 1932), was the rabbi and co-founder of the Edah HaChareidis, the Haredi Jewish community of Jerusalem, during the years of the British Mandate of Palestine. He was noted for his vehement opposition to Zionism.

Early Life

Sonnenfeld was born in Verbó in the Austrian Empire on December 1st, 1848. His father, Rabbi Avraham Shlomo Sonnenfeld, died when Yosef Chaim was five years old. He completed his elementary schooling at age eight, and after hearing that his step-father wanted to send him to Gymnasium, he fled back to Verbó, where he learnt under Rabbi Chaim Tzvi Mannheimer [he]. At sixteen he received the title "Chaver", and went to study under Rabbi Samuel Benjamin Sofer (the Ksav Sofer). In 1870 he was ordained as rabbi, and married the daughter of a wealthy merchant from Kobersdorf, where he lived after his marriage, studying under Rabbi Avrohom Shag [he]. In 1873 Shag decided to emigrate to Palestine, and Sonnenfeld decided to follow along, settling in Jerusalem.[1]

Jerusalem

Sonnenfeld was the right-hand man of Yehoshua Leib Diskin and assisted the latter in communal activities, such as the founding of schools and the Diskin Orphanage, and fighting against secularism and Zionism.

Sonnenfeld was one of the leaders of the Hungarian Kollel Shomrei HaChomos in Jerusalem,[2] and was the president of the Burial Society.[3]

Sonnenfeld did not want the Orthodox Jewish community to become subject to Zionist authority[4] and often referred to the Zionists as "evil men and ruffians", claiming that "Hell had entered the Land of Israel with Herzl."[5] Sonnenfelds top diplomat, Dr. Jacob Israël de Haan, endeavored to form an alliance with the Arab nationalist leadership and hoped to reach an agreement that would allow unrestricted Jewish settlement in Arab lands in return for the relinquishment of Jewish political aspirations. In June 1924, de Haan was assassinated by the Haganah after having conveyed his proposals to King Hussein and his sons, Faisal and Abdullah.[6]

Eventually Sonnenfeld founded the Edah HaChareidis along with Rabbi Yitzchok Yerucham Diskin[7] in 1918, to separate from the Zionist-controlled General City Council [he].[8] Sonnenfeld had previously been the de facto chief rabbi of Jerusalem since 1909, after the death of Rabbi Shmuel Salant, but only accepted the official title in 1920, in order to counter the establishment of the Chief Rabbinate by the Zionist movement under British auspices.[9]

Though Sonnenfeld and Abraham Isaac Kook were vigorous opponents in many areas, especially Zionism, the two had a relationship of mutual respect.[10]

Sonnenfeld died on February 26, 1932, and was interred on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem, beside his former teacher Rabbi Avrohom Shag.[11]

Works

Sonnenfeld wrote scholarly commentaries on the Torah, Talmud, and Shulchan Aruch. His responsa are collected in the work Salmas Chaim.

Further reading

  • Sonnenfeld, Shlomo Zalman. 1983. Guardian of Jerusalem: The Life and Times of Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld (Artscroll History Series). Adapted from Ha-Ish Al Ha-Homah (3 vols.), by Hillel Danzinger. Brooklyn, New York: Mesorah Publications. ISBN 0-89906-458-2
  • Sonnenfeld, Shlomo Zalman, ed. 2002. Rabbi Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld on the Parashah. Brooklyn, New York: Mesorah Publications, 2002. ISBN 1-57819-723-6
  • 1
    1
  • 2 - 1920
    2 - 1920
  • 3 - 1927
    3 - 1927
  • 4 - 1930s
    4 - 1930s
  • Sonnenfeld grave at the Mount of Olives Cemetery
    Sonnenfeld grave at the Mount of Olives Cemetery
  1. Yoseph Chaïm Sonnenfeld during the years of the British mandate.
  2. British High Commissioner's reception at Government House, Jerusalem, with texts of the Proclamation, 1920. L-R: Rabbis Moshe Leib Bernstein, Yosef Chaïm Sonnenfeld, Yerucham Diskin, and Baruch Reuven Jungreis.
  3. Yoseph Chaïm Sonnenfeld receives Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia, during the latter's visit to Jerusalem, 1927.[12]
  4. Yosef Chaïm Sonnenfeld (left) with Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook, 1930s.

References

  1. ^ Encyclopedia of the Builders and Founders of Israel vol. 1 pp. 61-62
  2. ^ Tidhar, David (1961). Encyclopedia of the Founders and Builders of Israel (in Hebrew). Vol. XI. p. 3829.
  3. ^ Encyclopedia of the Builders and Founders of Israel vol. 1 pp. 61-62
  4. ^ Gilbert, Martin (1996). Jerusalem in the twentieth century. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-471-16308-4. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
  5. ^ Laqueur, Walter (20 May 2003). A History of Zionism: From the French Revolution to the Establishment of the State of Israel. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 410. ISBN 978-0-8052-1149-8. Retrieved 13 May 2013. Rosenheim, the political head of central European Orthodoxy, who was accustomed to using far more moderate language, nevertheless warned the religious Zionists against the 'mortal danger' they risked by collaborating with those who did not accept the divine law.
  6. ^ Berger, Marshall J.; Ahimeir, Ora (2002). Jerusalem: a city and its future. Syracuse University Press. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-8156-2913-9. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
  7. ^ Encyclopedia of the Builders and Founders of Israel vol. 7 pp. 2929
  8. ^ Keren-Karetz, Menachem (Spring 2018). "העיתון קול ישראל וגיבוש הזהות החרדית בארץ ישראל בתקופת המנדט" (PDF). Kesher (51).
  9. ^ Encyclopedia of the Builders and Founders of Israel vol. 1 pp. 61-62
  10. ^ "Two Controversies Involving R' Avraham Yitzchak HaKohen Kook" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  11. ^ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rabbi_Shag_Grave.JPG Picture of Grave
  12. ^ Guardian of Jerusalem, pp. 182-183.
Allikas: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yosef_Chaim_Zonnenfeld
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