The 1977–78 European Cup Winners' Cup was won by Anderlecht in the final against Austria Wien. It was Anderlecht's third consecutive final, the best record in the competition, of which they won two.

Team 1	Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score	Team 2	1st leg	2nd leg
Rangers	3–2	Young Boys	1–0	2–2

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Rangers won 3–2 on aggregate and qualified for the competition.

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Team 1	Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score	Team 2	1st leg	2nd leg
Progrès Niedercorn	0–10	VB	0–1	0–9
PAOK	4–0	Zagłębie Sosnowiec	2–0	2–0
Rangers	0–3	Twente	0–0	0–3
Brann	5–0	ÍA Akranes	1–0	4–0
Köln	2–3	Porto	2–2	0–1
Saint-Étienne	1–3	Manchester United	1–1	0–2
Hamburg	13–3	Lahden Reipas	8–1	5–2
Lokomotiv Sofia	1–8	Anderlecht	1–6	0–2
Coleraine	3–6	Lokomotive Leipzig	1–4	2–2
Real Betis	3–2	Milan	2–0	1–2
Valletta	0–7	Dynamo Moscow	0–2	0–5
Olympiakos Nicosia	1–8	Universitatea Craiova	1–6	0–2
Cardiff City	0–1	Austria Wien	0–0	0–1
Lokomotiva Košice	2–2 (a)	Öster	0–0	2–2
Beşiktaş	2–5	Diósgyőri VTK Miskolc	2–0	0–5
Dundalk	1–4	Hajduk Split	1–0	0–4

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Manchester United won 3–1 on aggregate.

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Real Betis won 3–2 on aggregate.

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Porto won 3–2 on aggregate.

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Universitatea Craiova won 8–1 on aggregate.

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Brann won 5–0 on aggregate.

Notes

• Manchester United were banned from playing within 200 kilometres (120 mi) of Old Trafford, following crowd trouble in the first leg.

Team 1	Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score	Team 2	1st leg	2nd leg
VB	4–2	PAOK	3–0	1–2
Twente	4–1	Brann	2–0	2–1
Porto	6–5	Manchester United	4–0	2–5
Hamburg	2–3	Anderlecht	1–2	1–1
Lokomotive Leipzig	2–3	Real Betis	1–1	1–2
Dynamo Moscow	2–2 (p)	Universitatea Craiova	2–0	0–2 (aet)
Austria Wien	1–1 (a)	Lokomotíva Košice	0–0	1–1
Diósgyőri VTK Miskolc	3–3 (p)	Hajduk Split	2–1	1–2 (aet)

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Porto won 6–5 on aggregate.

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2–2 on aggregate; Dynamo Moscow won on penalties.

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Twente won 4–1 on aggregate.

Team 1	Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score	Team 2	1st leg	2nd leg
VB	0–7	Twente	0–3	0–4
Porto	1–3	Anderlecht	1–0	0–3
Real Betis	0–3	Dynamo Moscow	0–0	0–3[1]
Austria Wien	2–2 (p)	Hajduk Split	1–1	1–1 (aet)

Anderlecht won 3–1 on aggregate.

Team 1	Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score	Team 2	1st leg	2nd leg
Twente	0–3	Anderlecht	0–1	0–2
Dynamo Moscow	4–5 (p)	Austria Wien	2–1	1–2 (aet)

• 1977–78 European Cup
• 1977–78 UEFA Cup

• 1977-78 competition at UEFA website
• Cup Winners' Cup results at Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
• Cup Winners Cup Seasons 1977-78–results, protocols
• website Football Archive 1977–78 Cup Winners Cup^{[dead link‍]}