Tauber is a river in Germany. It is also the surname of:

• Alfred Tauber (1866–1942), Austrian mathematician
• Alfred I. Tauber (born 1947), American philosopher and historian
• Bernd Tauber (born 1950), German actor
• Henryk Tauber (1917–2000), Polish Jewish Holocaust survivor
• Jim Tauber (1950–2025), American film executive and producer
• Maria Anna Tauber, Austrian soprano
• Marina Tauber (born 1986), Moldovan politician
• Mathias Tauber (born 1984), Danish footballer
• Maurice Tauber (1908–1980), American librarian
• Nick Tauber, British record producer
• Nicolás Tauber (born 1980), Argentine-Israeli footballer
• Olga Von Tauber (1907–2002), Austrian-American psychiatrist
• Peter Tauber (born 1974), German politician
• Richard Tauber (1891–1948), Viennese tenor (born Ernst Seiffert)
• Sophie Tauber (1889–1943), Swiss artist
• Ulrike Tauber (born 1958), German swimmer
• William C. Tauber, American entrepreneur
• Yanki Tauber (born 1965), Jewish writer

• Irene Barnes Taeuber (1906–1974), American demographer
• Teyber (musician family sometimes spelled this way)
• Taube (disambiguation), includes "Taub"
• Taubes
• Taubmann
• Dauber (disambiguation)
• Daub (disambiguation)