The 1937 Gruppa B was third season of the Soviet (second tier) professional football competitions.

Unlike the previous season that was split into two halves, this one was played as a double round-robin among seven teams. The tournament was won by Spartak Leningrad that according to pre-season regulation was to be promoted to the Gruppa A for 1938 season, however later arrangements for the next season were changed and all participants except for the last placed Dinamo Kazan gained promotion.

Also, after only playing 3 of its scheduled games and winning only one of them, CSKA Moscow was transferred to Gruppa A mid-season.^[1]

No teams were relegated to the Gruppa B.

One team was promoted from the 1936 Gruppa V fall tournament.

• Dinamo Kazan – (debut)

Pos	Republic	Team	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GR	Pts
1	Russian SFSR	Spartak Leningrad (P)	12	6	2	4	19	13	1.462	26
2	Russian SFSR	FC Dinamo Rostov-na-Donu (P)	12	6	2	4	19	14	1.357	26
3	Azerbaijan SSR	Temp Baku (P)	12	6	1	5	19	14	1.357	25
4	Russian SFSR	Stalinets Leningrad (P)	12	5	3	4	22	18	1.222	25
5	Russian SFSR	FC Stalinets Moscow (P)	12	5	3	4	16	17	0.941	25
6	Russian SFSR	FC Torpedo Moscow (P)	12	4	4	4	16	18	0.889	24
7	Russian SFSR	FC Dynamo Kazan	12	1	3	8	11	28	0.393	17
8	Russian SFSR	CDKA Moscow[a]	2	1	1	0	3	2	1.500	5

• 1937 Soviet Cup
• 1937 Group A (Soviet football championship)
• 1937 Group V (Soviet football championship)
• 1937 Group G (Soviet football championship)
• 1937 groups D and cities of Far East

• 1937 Gruppa B. RSSSF
• 1937 Gruppa B. Luhansk Our Football. (in Russian)