Scalenodontoides is an extinct genus of the herbivorous cynodont family Traversodontidae. It lived during the Late Triassic in what is now South Africa. Its type species is Scalenodontoides macrodontes.^[1] It was named in 1957 by A. W. Crompton and F. Ellenberger.^[1] Arctotraversodon plemmyrodon was originally classified as a species of Scalenodontoides, but was given its own genus in 1992.^[2] It is found in the Scalenodontoides Assemblage Zone of the Elliot Formation, which is named for it.^[3] It is one of the geologically youngest traversodontids, alongside the putative traversodontid Boreogomphodon.^[4] It is closely related to Exaeretodon and Siriusgnathus,^[5] but is distinguished by the presence of a shelf-like expansion of its parietal called the nuchal table.^[6] Though the largest known complete skull is only 248 millimetres (9.8 in) long, it may have been the largest non-mammalian cynodont, as an incomplete snout would have belonged to a specimen with an estimated skull length of 617 millimetres (24.3 in).^[7]

At the time this species lived, there was a single continent called Pangea. Dinosaurs already existed, but the dominant group were the pseudosuchians. Melanorosaurus, a primitive sauropodomorph, was discovered along with Scalenodontoides in the Elliot Formation in Lesotho.^{[citation needed]} Although an omnivore, the dinosaur was unlikely to pose a threat to Scalenodontoides due to the large size of the cynodont.