Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) was a Genevan author and philosopher.

Rousseau may also refer to:

• Rousseau (surname), a list people and fictional characters with the surname
• Rousseau O. Crump (1843–1901), American politician and businessman
• Rousseau H. Flower (1913–1988), American paleontologist

• Rousseau, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
• Lake Rousseau, Florida
• Rousseau Range, Alaska

• Rousseau (electoral district), a provincial electoral district in Quebec, Canada
• Rousseau Peak, Antarctica

• Rousseau Institute, a private school in the Swiss city of Geneva
• Rousseau Metal Inc., a Canadian company founded by André Rousseau
• Rousseau SA, a French manufacturer of agricultural machinery which, in 1962, invented the rotary mower
• An alternative name for French wine made from the grape Chardonnay

• Roseau (disambiguation)