Mistaken identity is a claim of the actual innocence of a criminal defendant.

Mistaken Identity may also refer to:

• Mistaken Identity (Kim Carnes album), 1981, or its title song
• Mistaken Identity (Donna Summer album), 1991
• Mistaken Identity (Vernon Reid album), 1996
• Mistaken Identity (Delta Goodrem album), 2004
  • "Mistaken Identity" (Delta Goodrem song), 2005, from the album of the same name
• "Mistaken Identity", a song by Janis Ian from The Secret Life of J. Eddy Fink
• "Mistaken Identity", a song by Van Morrison from Latest Record Project, Volume 1

• Mistaken Identity, a 1940s American race film, footage of which was re-used in Murder with Music (1948)
• Mistaken Identity (TV series), Philippine drama series
• "Mistaken Identity" / "Easy Peasy Rider", an Angry Beavers episode
• "Mistaken Identity" (The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air), a The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air episode
• Mistaken Identity (film), a 1996 Canadian thriller film
• "Mistaken Identity" (Bad Girls), a 2000 television episode

• Comedic device § Mistaken identity, literary device
• Mistaken Identity, novel in the Rosato & Associates series
• Mistaken Identity: Two Families, One Survivor, Unwavering Hope, a 2008 non-fiction book with multiple authors

• Mistaken (disambiguation)
• Delusional misidentification syndrome