Leuciscidae is a family of freshwater ray-finned fishes,[2] formerly classified as a subfamily of the Cyprinidae,[3] which contains the true minnows.[4]

Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnows. As the name suggests, most members of the OW clade are found in Eurasia, aside from the golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas), which is found in eastern North America.[5][6]

According to ancestral area reconstruction, the subfamily Leuciscinae is thought to have originated in Europe before becoming widely distributed in parts of Europe, Asia and North America. Evidence for the dispersal of this subfamily can be marked by biogeographical scenarios/observations, geomorphological changes, phylogenetic relationships as well as evidence for vicariance events taking place through time.[7] Through analyses and evidence of divergence time, it was observed that the two monophyletic groups, the phoxinins and the leuciscins, had shared a common ancestor dating to approximately 70.7 million years ago, representing their lengthy evolutionary history.[8][9][a] The 5th edition of the Fishes of the World classifies the Leuciscinae as a subfamily of the Cyprinidae[3] but more recent classifications have resolved this taxon as a family, the Leuciscidae.[6]

Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes recognises the family Leuciscidae and does divide it into subfamilies which correspond to the clades previously identified when it was treated as a subfamily of Cyprinidae.[2]

Genera

According to a 2018 study, Leuciscinae may be subdivided into 6 clades, or, if Leuciscidae is treated as a valid family, subfamilies:[10]

The recent genera are classified as follows:[2]

Notes

  1. ^ The study by Perea et al. (2010) did not include the North American clade, or Pogonichthyinae,[8] which is now also considered a part of the Leuciscinae subfamily[10]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
  2. ^ a b c Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Leuciscidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
  3. ^ a b J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 181–186. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
  4. ^ Taxonomic information
  5. ^ "Order CYPRINIFORMES: Family LEUCISCIDAE: Subfamilies PSEUDASPININAE, LEUCISCINAE and PHOXININAE". The ETYFish Project. 2018-10-17. Retrieved 2020-11-27.
  6. ^ a b Schönhuth, Susana; Vukić, Jasna; Šanda, Radek; Yang, Lei; Mayden, Richard L. (2018-10-01). "Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Holarctic family Leuciscidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidei)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 127: 781–799. Bibcode:2018MolPE.127..781S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.026. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 29913311. S2CID 49292104.
  7. ^ Imoto, J. M.; Saitoh, K.; Sasaki, T.; Yonezawa, T.; Adachi, J.; Kartavtsev, Y. P.; Miya, M.; Nishida, M.; Hanzawa, N. (2013). "Phylogeny and biogeography of highly diverged freshwater fish species (Leuciscinae, Cyprinidae, Teleostei) inferred from mitochondrial genome analysis". Gene. 514 (2): 112–124. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2012.10.019. PMID 23174367.
  8. ^ a b Perea, S.; Böhme, M.; Zupancic, P.; Freyhof, J.; Sanda, R.; Ozuluğ, M.; Abdoli, A.; Doadrio, I. (2010). "Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical patterns in Circum-Mediterranean subfamily Leuciscinae (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) inferred from both mitochondrial and nuclear data". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 265. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..265P. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-265. PMC 2940817. PMID 20807419. S2CID 206970716.
  9. ^ "Order CYPRINIFORMES: Family LEUCISCIDAE: Subfamilies PSEUDASPININAE, LEUCISCINAE and PHOXININAE". The ETYFish Project. 2018-10-17. Retrieved 2020-11-26.
  10. ^ a b Schönhuth, Susana; Vukić, Jasna; Šanda, Radek; Yang, Lei; Mayden, Richard L. (2018-10-01). "Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Holarctic family Leuciscidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidei)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 127: 781–799. Bibcode:2018MolPE.127..781S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.026. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 29913311. S2CID 49292104.
  11. ^ "A NEW CYPRINID FISH FROM PALEOGENE OF NORTHERN XINJIANG, CHINA". Vertebrata Palasiatica. 49 (2). 2011-06-15. ISSN 2096-9899. Archived from the original on 2024-11-09.
  12. ^ Paleontology, Institute of Vertebrae; Paleoanthropology. "New leuciscin fish found in northern China". phys.org. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
Allikas: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuciscinae
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