Leibowitz is a Jewish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Barry Leibowitz (born 1945), American-Israeli basketball player
• Henoch Leibowitz (c.1918–2008), head of the Rabbinical Seminary of America
• Herschel Leibowitz (1925-2011), American researcher into visual perception
• Jacob Leibowitz or Jakub Lejbowicz, possible birth name of Jacob Frank (1726–1791), leader of a Jewish messianic movement
• Jon Leibowitz (born 1958), former United States Federal Trade Commission chairman
• Jon Stewart (born Jonathan Stuart Leibowitz in 1962), American political satirist, formerly of The Daily Show
• Martin L. Leibowitz, financial researcher and business leader
• Nechama Leibowitz (1905–1997), sometimes Nehama Leibowitz, Israeli Bible scholar
• René Leibowitz (1913–1972), a French composer of Polish-Latvian origin
• Ronnie Leibowitz (born 1953), Israeli bank robber, also known as "Ofnobank"
• Samuel Leibowitz (1893–1978), New York trial lawyer
• Yeshayahu Leibowitz (1903–1994), Israeli thinker and scientist

• Isaac Edward Leibowitz, a fictional character in the novel A Canticle for Leibowitz
• Maya, Francis, Randall, and Barry Leibowitz-Jenkins, a fictional family in the animated series The Proud Family: Louder and Prouder

• Surnames from the name Leib