Leitão, sometimes Anglicized Leitao (literally meaning suckling pig), is a traditional Portuguese (and Pan-Iberian) dish made of a suckling pig, known more commonly under its Spanish name Lechón. Notable people with the surname include:

• Alexandre Filipe Clemente Leitão (born 1979), Portuguese footballer
• João Baptista da Silva Leitão de Almeida Garrett (1799-1854), Portuguese poet, playwright, novelist and politician
• António Leitão (1960–2012), Portuguese athlete
• Ashley Leitão (born 1986), Canadian singer
• Carlos Leitão, (born 1959), Canadian politician from Quebec
• Dave Leitao (born 1960), American basketball coach
• Joaquim Leitão (born 1956), Portuguese film director
• Jorge Leitão (born 1974), Portuguese football player
• José Leitão de Barros (1896–1967), Portuguese film director and playwright
• Rafael Leitão (born 1979), Brazilian chess grandmaster
• Maria Luisa Leitao, Hong Kong television host and actress

• Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão (1886–1948), Brazilian zoologist
• George N. Leighton (1912–2018), United States District Court judge; his original surname was Leitão