King Ratna Chand (1450–1488 AD) was a ruler of the Chand dynasty of Kumaon[1], who reigned from 1462 to 1488 AD. He was the son of King Bharati Chand and played a significant role in expanding and strengthening the kingdom. His rule was characterized by military conquests, administrative reforms, religious patronage, and diplomatic engagements.[2]

Early Life and Ascension to the Throne

King Ratna Chand was born into the Chand dynasty, which had begun establishing dominance over Kumaon. His father, Bharati Chand, granted him the fief of Chaugarkha for his bravery. Later, Bharati Chand transferred the entire kingdom to him, ensuring a stable transition of power.[2]

Religious Devotion and Contributions

King Ratna Chand was a devout follower of Hinduism. In 1462 AD, he visited the Jageshwar Temple, one of the holiest shrines in Kumaon. He performed grand religious rituals and made significant contributions, including:[2]

  • Donating villages for religious worship
  • Establishing an alms-house for mendicants
  • Conducting feasts and ceremonies in honor of the deity[2]

Military Campaigns and Expansion

War with Doti

The Doti Kingdom, located in present-day Nepal, was a rival of the Chand rulers. During Ratna Chand’s reign, Nagmall, a prince from the Malla dynasty, overthrew the reigning Shahi king of Doti, who then fled to Champawat for refuge. Nagmall demanded Khiraz (tribute) from Ratna Chand, but he refused and launched a military campaign against Doti.[2]

The battle resulted in:

  • The defeat and death of Nagmall
  • The reinstatement of a Shahi ruler in Doti, under Ratna Chand’s influence
  • A shift in power, making the king of Doti a vassal of Kumaon[2]

Conquest of Jumla, Bajang, and Thal

After securing Doti, Ratna Chand expanded his influence over Jumla, Bajang, and Thal. The rulers of these regions surrendered and agreed to pay annual tributes, including:

[2]

Annexation of Sor and Integration of Rajputs

Incorporation of Sor

King Ratna Chand annexed Pargana Sor, which was previously ruled by the Malla dynasty of Sira.[2]

Settlement of Rajput Clans

To consolidate his rule over Sor, Ratna Chand brought in five Rajput clans from across the Kali River and granted them fiefs (jagirs):

These Rajputs played a crucial role in military and administrative affairs, with some later migrating to Doti.[2]

Administrative and Land Reforms

Ratna Chand implemented systematic land settlement policies. His major reforms included:

  • Identifying concealed lands and increasing revenue
  • Formalizing tax collection
  • Establishing long-term agriculture policies[2]

The Story of Sri Jaidan Kiral

One of Ratna Chand’s officials, Sri Jaidan Kiral, was responsible for land settlement. He discovered hidden lands, raising revenue, but faced opposition. A conspiracy led to false news of his death, prompting his wife to commit sati along with his settlement records, causing the loss of crucial documents.[2]

Death and Legacy

King Ratna Chand ruled for 27 years before his death in 1488 AD. His reign was marked by:

Conclusion

King Ratna Chand was a pivotal figure in the history of Kumaon. His reign was defined by military conquests, administrative foresight, and religious devotion. His legacy is remembered through regional folklore, historical texts, and temple inscriptions.

References

  1. ^ "Issues and Analysis on Chand Dynasty for State General Knowledge (GK) Preparation". abhipedia.abhimanu.com.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Pandey, Badri Dutt (1993). History of Kumaon (Volume 1 ed.). Almora, Uttarakhand, India: Shree Almora Book Depot. ISBN 81-900 209-4-3.
Allikas: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:Ratna_Chand
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