The Choctaw are a Native American people.

Choctaw may also refer to:

• Choctaw language
• Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma

• Choctaw County, Alabama
• Choctaw National Wildlife Refuge, a wildlife refuge in Alabama
• Choctaw (Natchez, Mississippi), a historic house in Natchez On-Top-of-the-Hill Historic District
• Choctaw, Bolivar County, Mississippi
• Choctaw, Neshoba County, Mississippi
• Choctaw County, Mississippi
• Choctaw, Oklahoma, a suburb of Oklahoma City
• Choctaw County, Oklahoma

• H-34 Choctaw, a helicopter
• SS Choctaw, a semi-whaleback ship that sank in 1915
• USS Choctaw (1856), an ironclad ram of the American Civil War
• USS Choctaw (1898), a tugboat in service from 1898 to 1940, renamed USS Wicomico in 1918
• USS Choctaw (AT-70), a tug in service from 1943 to 1947

• Choctaw Agency, Indian Territory
• Choctaw County School District, Mississippi
• Choctaw turn, a figure skating element
• Choctaw Club, headquarters of the Regular Democratic Organization

• Choctaw Corner
• Choctaw Corner, Alabama
• Choctaw Lake, Ohio, an unincorporated town in Ohio
• Choctaw, Oklahoma and Gulf Railroad, a predecessor line of the Rock Island
• Choctaw Rocket, a passenger train
• Jena Band of Choctaw Indians
• Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians
• USS Choctaw, a list of ships