A briefcase is a case for carrying documents. The term may also refer to:

• In computing:
  • Briefcase (Microsoft Windows)
  • Yahoo! Briefcase, formerly a free file hosting service by Yahoo!
  • Briefcase, a virtual file system used in DOS Navigator orthodox file manager
• Briefcase, a term used in horse training to describe the act of getting the horse used to a bridle
• Nuclear briefcase, portable equipment to facilitate a leader of a nuclear weapons state ordering use of nuclear weapons, sometimes carried within a specialized briefcase
• The Briefcase, a CBS reality television series
• The Briefcase (Australia), a Channel Nine reality television series