The black-backed tanager (Stilpnia peruviana) is a bird species in the Thraupidae family. It is endemic to the forests and shrubs of south-eastern Brazil. When first described, it was mistakenly believed that it originates from Peru, leading to the misleading scientific name peruviana. It is closely related to the chestnut-backed tanager, and the two have sometimes been considered conspecific.

It is threatened by habitat loss.