Bipinnatin J is a diterpene isolated from the bipinnate sea plume Antillogorgia bipinnata, a sea fan found in the eastern Caribbean Sea.[1] It is one of the structurally simplest of the furanocembrenolides, and is speculated to be a biosynthetic precursor to a wide array cembrenolides along with the dehydroxylated analog, rubifolide.[2]

Biosynthesis

Although the exact biosynthesis of bipinnatin J has not been formally studied, the biosynthesis the core cembrane skeleton, neo-cembrene, has been extensively studied. Starting from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, the pyrophosphate leaves, creating the allyl carbocation. A type A cyclization then yields the 14-membered cembrane ring with the isopropyl cation outside the ring. Proton elimination then yields neo-cembrene.[3] From this point, the biosynthesis of bipinnatin J is speculative. Oxidation, most likely utilizing P450 monooxygenases, followed by ring closure creates both the furan and butenolide within the 14-membered ring. ∆ double bond isomerization of the C7-C8 olefin then occurs to afford the Z conformation, yielding rubifolide. Another oxidation of C2 then yields bipinnatin J.[2]

Proposed biosynthesis of bipinnatin J

References

  1. ^ Rodriguez, A. D.; Shi, J.-G. (1998). "The First Cembrane-Pseudopterane Cycloisomerization". J. Org. Chem. 63 (2): 420–421. doi:10.1021/jo971884g.
  2. ^ a b Roethle, P. A.; Trauner, D. (2008). "The chemistry of marine furanocembranoids, pseudopteranes, gersolanes, and related natural products". Nat. Prod. Rep. 25 (2): 298–317. doi:10.1039/b705660p. PMID 18389139.
  3. ^ MacMillan, J.; Beale, M. H. (1999). "Diterpene Biosynthesis". Comprehensive Natural Products Chemistry. 2: 217–243.
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