Azar Andami (Persian: آذر اندامی, December 1926[a] – August 1984[b]) was an Iranian physician and bacteriologist noted for her development of a cholera vaccine.

Early life and career

Azar Andami was born in 1926 in Saghrisazan neighborhood of Rasht. She was the fourth child and the only daughter of the family. She finished elementary school in Rasht women's primary school with one year of academic leap. After graduating from the ninth year of general education at Forough High School in Rasht, her father, despite being an intellectual, prevented her from continuing her education and sent her to the Rasht Preparatory University. she graduated from Daneshsara in 1946; In 1947, she was hired by the Ministry of Culture and became a teacher. In 1951, while working, she received a natural science diploma[1] with various exams. In 1953, she participated in the entrance exam of the University of Tehran in the field of medicine of this university; where she attended and then graduated in 1958[2] as a Doctor of Medicine. At first, she specialised in gynaecology.[1] She moved to the Pasteur Institute in Tehran, and then later to Paris to study bacteriology.

Dr. Azar Andami published several scholarly papers and invented a vaccine against cholera, a bacterial disease primarily caused by drinking contaminated water.[3]

Development of EL Tor vaccine

From 1934 to 1967, a cholera-like disease (El Tor) spread in Iran and many other countries.[citation needed] El Tor is an acute diarrheal disease caused by the cholera bacterium. The symptoms of the disease originate from a toxin that is infected by germs in the small intestine of people. Therefore, germs are spread through human feces in the environment and contaminate water and food. In those circumstances, the only way to protect from infection with the toxin was through use of a cholera vaccine. At the time, the only vaccine preparation center in Iran was the Pasteur Institute in Iran. Andami developed an effective vaccine for El Tor which was produced by the Pasteur Institute for use in protecting Iranians and then converted to mass production for use in neighboring countries.[1]

Death and legacy

She died in Tehran on 19 August 1984 at the age of 57. A crater, named "Andami", on the planet Venus was named in her honour by the International Astronomical Union.[4]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b One source claims her date of birth to be 8 December 1926,[1] while another claims her date of birth to be 16 December 1926.[2]
  2. ^ a b One source claims her date of death to be 19 August 1984,[1] while another claims 28 August 1984.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Influential Iranian Women: Azar Andami (1926-1984)". IranWire. 1 December 2023. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024.
  2. ^ a b c Ashtiani, Zahra Tahmasebi; Mostafavi, Ehsan (October 2023). "In memory of Dr. Azar Andami, an eminent researcher and scholar at the Pasteur Institute of Iran" (PDF). History and Philosophy of Medicine. 5 (4). doi:10.53388/HPM2023021.
  3. ^ "آذر اندامی - سایت خبری گیلتاب". سایت خبری گیلتاب (in Persian). 2000-01-01. Archived from the original on 2015-10-20. Retrieved 2016-03-02.
  4. ^ "This Day in History". Kayhan International. Kayhan. 18 August 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
Allikas: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azar_Andami
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