Archelaus may refer to:

• Archelaus (alchemist), author of a long poem in iambics called "Περὶ τῆς ῾Ιερᾶς Τέχνης"
• Archelaus (geographer), author of a work on the countries visited by Alexander the Great
• Archelaus, rhetorician mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius (2.17)
• Archelaus of Sparta (r. 790–760 BC), Agiad king of Sparta
• Archelaus (philosopher) (fl. 5th century BC), pupil of Anaxagoras
• Archelaus of Macedon (r. 413–399 BC), king of Macedon
• Archelaus (son of Amyntas III) (d. 359 BC), half-brother of Philip II of Macedonia
• Archelaus (son of Androcles) (fl. 321 BC), phrourarch of Aornus
• Archelaus (phrourarch) (fl. 326 BC), phrourarch of Tyre
• Archelaus of Priene (fl. c. 300 BC), an ancient Greek sculptor
• Archelaus Chersonesita (fl. 3rd century BC), Egyptian epigrammatist
• Archelaus (Pontic army officer) (died 63 BC), general of Mithridates VI of Pontus
• Archelaus (high priest of Comana Cappadocia) (died 55 BC), priest of Bellona in Comana, Cappadocia
• Archelaus (father of Archelaus of Cappadocia) (fl. 55–47 BC), priest of Bellona in Comana, Cappadocia
• Archelaus of Cappadocia (r. 36 BC – 17 AD), king of Cappadocia
• Herod Archelaus (23 BC – c. 18 AD), ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea, 4 BC – 6 AD
• Archelaus of Cilicia (died 38 AD), king of Cicilia Trachaea and Eastern Lycaonia from 17 AD
• Archelaus the deacon (died 235 AD), third-century saint martyred with Quiriacus of Ostia
• Archelaus (bishop of Carrhae) (fl. 278 AD), bishop who held a public dispute with Manichaean heretics
• Archelaus (bishop of Caesarea) (fl. 5th century AD), bishop who wrote against the Messalian heresy
• Archelaus Tupper (died 1781) sergeant in the Vermont militia, the circumstances of whose death resulted in the secret armistice between the Vermont Republic the British becoming publicly known

• Archelaus (son of Temenus)
• Archelaus, son of Heracles
• Archelaus, son of Electryon and Anaxo, killed by the sons of Pterelaus
• Archelaus, son of Aegyptus. He was killed by his wife, Anaxibia, daughter of Danaus

• Archelaus (play) by Euripides

• Arcesilaus (disambiguation), a name commonly transliterated as "Archelaus"