The year 1676 in music involved some significant events.

• Construction of the Teatro San Angelo in Venice is completed.
• Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni arrives in Rieti.

• Thomas Mace – Musick's Monument

• Johann Jakob Walther – Scherzi da Violino solo con il basso continuo
• Isabella Leonarda – Motetti a voce sola, Op.6
• Johann Christoph Bach – Meine Freundin, du bist schön
• Dietrich Buxtehude – Jesu dulcis memoria, BuxWV 56
• Nicola Matteis – Ayres for the Violin, Books 1 and 2 (Containing Diverse bizzarie sopra la vecchia sarabanda o pur ciaccona)
• Giovanni Legrenzi – Cantate e canzonette, Op.12
• Johann Caspar Kerll
  • Canzona in C major
  • Ciacona in C major
• Marc-Antoine Charpentier – Circé, H.496
• Nicolas Lebègue – Livre d'orgue No.1
• Esaias Reusner – Neue Lauten-Früchte
• Alessandro Stradella – S. Giovanni Battista, G.3.3
• Heinrich Biber – Sonatae tam aris quam aulis servientes
• Johann Philipp Krieger – Passacaglia in D minor
• Giovanni Battista Bassani – La Tromba della Divina misericordia

• Jean-Baptiste Lully
  • Atys
  • Isis
• Antonio Sartorio – Giulio Cesare in Egitto

• January 19 – John Weldon, musician (died 1736)
• February 4 – Giacomo Facco, violinist, conductor and composer (died 1753)
• April 4 – Giuseppe Maria Orlandini, opera composer (died 1760)
• May 23 – Johann Bernhard Bach, composer, cousin of Johann Sebastian Bach (died 1749)

• January 14 – Francesco Cavalli, Italian composer (born 1602)
• June 7 – Paul Gerhardt, Germany's best-known hymn-writer (born 1606)
• October 6 – Claudia Rusca, singer, composer and organist (born 1593)
• October 10 – Sebastian Knüpfer, composer (born 1633)^[1]