The year 1668 in music involved some significant events.

• Dietrich Buxtehude becomes organist at the Marienkirche in Lübeck.
• Joseph Haines joins the troupe of performers at Hatton Garden, London.
• Antonio Draghi is appointed to the court of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, at Vienna.

• Dietrich Becker – Musikalische Frühlings-Früchte
• Richard Duckworth's Tintinnalogia, or, the Art of Ringing, the first work on change ringing, is compiled and published complete by Fabian Stedman in London.^[1]
• Thomas Tomkins' Musica Deo Sacra is published posthumously by his son, Nathaniel.
• Gaspar de Verlit – Missae et motettae nec non quator antiphonae B. Mariae Virginis, vol. 2

• Christoph Bernhard -- Ach mein herzliebes Jesulein (and other portions of Geistlicher Harmonien Erster Teil)
• Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber -- Sonata à 7
• Dietrich Buxtehude -- All solch dein Güt wir preisen, BuxWV 3
• Francesco Cavalli -- O bone Jesu
• Maurizio Cazzati – Canzonette a voce sola, libro 5, Op.46
• Henry DuMont -- Motets à deux voix, avec la basse-continue
• Lambert Pietkin -- Sacri concentus, Op. 3
• Johann Schmelzer - Harmonia à 5

• Antonio Cesti – Il pomo d'oro (premiered July 12 or 14 in Vienna)
• Antonio Draghi – Achille riconsciuto
• Jacopo Melani – Il Girello
• Jean-Baptist Lully
  • Le carnaval, LWV 36
  • George Dandin
  • La Grotte de Versailles
• Francesco Feo -- Andromaca

• January 8 – Jean Gilles, composer (died 1705)
• June 19 – Georg von Bertouch, composer (died 1743)
• September 13 – Luca Antonio Predieri, composer (died 1767)
• October 29 – Joseph-François Duché de Vancy, librettist (died 1704)
• November 10 – François Couperin, French organist and composer (died 1733)
• November 27 – Pantaleon Hebenstreit, German dance teacher, musician, composer and inventor of the pantalon (died 1750)
• December 11 – Apostolo Zeno, Venetian librettist (died 1750)
• date unknown – John Eccles, English composer (died 1735)^[2]

• March 7 – Odoardo Ceccarelli, Italian singer and composer (born c. 1600)
• April 7 – Sir William Davenant, English poet and playwright, author of The Siege of Rhodes, considered the first opera in English (born 1606)
• October 23 – Giovanni Rovetta, Venetian composer (born 1596)
• August 9 – Jacob Balde, German New Latin poet and lyricist (born 1604)
• December 2 – Albertus Bryne, English composer and organist (born 1621)
• date unknown
  • Nicolas Métru, French organist, violist, and composer (born 1610)
  • Francesco Sbarra, dramatist, poet, and librettist (born 1611)