Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

• Scottish poet Arthur Johnston goes to Italy to study medicine at Padua.

• Henry Peacham the younger, The More the Merrier: Containing: threescore and odde haad-lesse epigrams^[1]
• Samuel Rowlands, Humors Looking Glasse^[1]
• Robert Tofte, Ariosto's Satyres (authorship is claimed by Tofte in The Blazon of Jealousie (1615) although Gervase Markham's name is on the title page)^[1]

• June – Sir Richard Fanshawe (died 1666), English diplomat, translator, and poet
• December 8 – Vendela Skytte (died 1629), Swedish poet and lady of letters
• December 9 – John Milton (died 1674), English poet and writer
• December 20 (bapt.) – Sir Aston Cokayne (died 1684), English poet and playwright^[1]
• Also:
  • Menahem Lonzano (born unknown), Palestinian Masoretic and midrashic scholar, lexicographer and poet
  • Vaman Pandit (died 1695), Marathi scholar and poet of India
  • Samarth Ramdas (died 1681), Marathi saint and religious poet
  • Tukaram (died 1650), Sant (Saint) and spiritual poet during a Bhakti movement
  • Chen Zilong (died 1647), Chinese poet of the Tang School^[2]

• February 16 – Nicolas Rapin (born 1535), French magistrate, royal officer, translator, poet and satirist
• February 26 – Sir Thomas Craig (born c. 1538), Scottish jurist and poet
• April 19 – Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset (born 1536), English statesman and poet
• July 26 – Pablo de Céspedes (born 1538), Spanish painter, poet and architect
• September – Mary Shakespeare, née Arden (born c. 1537), mother of English poet and dramatist William Shakespeare
• October 26 – Philipp Nicolai (born 1556), German poet and composer
• Also:
  • George Bannatyne (born 1545), Scottish collector of poems
  • Henry Lok (born c. 1553), English^[1]
  • Nicolas de Montreux (born c 1561), French nobleman, novelist, poet, translator and dramatist
  • Jean Vauquelin de la Fresnaye (born 1536), French
  • Andrzej Zbylitowski (born 1565), Polish