Events from the year 1559 in art.

• Francesco Primaticcio and his assistants complete painting the Salle d'Hercule at the Palace of Fontainebleau (begun in the 1530s).
• Sidsel Ulfstand and others complete the tapestry in the great hall of the Danish royal palace.

• Pieter Bruegel the Elder
  • The Fight Between Carnival and Lent
  • Netherlandish Proverbs
• Luca Cambiaso – Resurrected Christ
• Titian
  • The Entombment
  • St Margaret and the Dragon

• January 26 - Francesco Bassano the Younger, painter (died 1592)
• September 12 - Cigoli, Italian painter and architect of the late Mannerist period (died 1613)
• date unknown
  • Francesco Cavazzoni, Italian painter and art historian (died 1612)
  • Orazio Farinati, Italian Mannerist painter (died 1616)
  • Domenico Passignano, Italian painter of a late-Renaissance or Counter-Maniera (Counter-Mannerism) style (died 1636)
  • Kanō Sanraku, Japanese painter (died 1635)
• probable
  • Jan Vermeyen, Dutch goldsmith of the Renaissance Mannerism (died 1606)

• September 6 - Benvenuto Tisi (Il Garofalo), late-RenaissanceMannerist Italian painter of the School of Ferrara (born 1481)
• November 5 - Kanō Motonobu, Japanese painter (born 1476)
• date unknown
  • Giovanni da Nola, Italian sculptor and architect (born 1478)
  • Nicolas Denisot, French Renaissance poet and painter (born 1515)
  • Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen, Dutch Northern Renaissance painter (born 1500)
  • Wen Zhengming, Ming Dynasty painter, calligrapher, and scholar (born 1470)
• probable - Juste de Juste, Franco-Italian sculptor and printmaker in etching (born 1505)