Édmée Chandon

Edmée Chandon
Edmée Chandon at age 15
Born
Edmée Marie Juliette Chandon

(1885-11-21)21 November 1885
Paris, France
Died8 March 1944(1944-03-08) (aged 58)
Paris, France
Scientific career
FieldsAstronomy
InstitutionsParis Observatory
Doctoral advisorErnest Esclangon

Edmée Marie Juliette Chandon (21 November 1885 – 8 March 1944) was an astronomer known for being the first professional female astronomer in France. She worked at the Paris Observatory from 1908 until her retirement in 1941.

Early life and education

The eldest of five children, Chandon was born to Marie Duhan and merchant François Chandon on 21 November 1885 in the 11th arrondissement of Paris.[1][2] In July 1906, she completed her degree in Mathematical Sciences at the Faculté des sciences de Paris [fr].[2] She began working at the Paris Observatory in November 1908 as a trainee.[3]

Career

On 28 February 1912, Chandon was appointed aide astronome et attachée at the Paris Observatory, effective from 1 March, and the appointment made her the first professional female astronomer in France. L'Aurore declared the appointment a "new feminist victory".[4] Chandon represented the Paris Observatory at the Fête du Soleil, organised by the Société astronomique de France, at the Eiffel Tower on 22 June 1914.[5] In March 1930, Chandon defended her thesis "Research on the tides of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Suez",[6] where she shows that the tides of the Red Sea and Gulf of Suez are examples of standing waves.[citation needed] She retired on 1 October 1941.[2][note 1] On 17 May 1943, the French Academy of Sciences proposed four candidates to the Minister of National Education for positions as titular astronomers of Paris Observatory, including Chandon.[8]

Edmée Chandon was also a science communicator. She gave several conferences as a member of the Société astronomique de France, which she had joined in 1912.[9]

Personal life

Chandon met Jacques Jean Trousset after he joined her team at the Paris Observatory in January 1909.[10] They married on 6 April 1910 in Saint-Cloud but the marriage was short-lived; the pair divorced on 26 April 1911.[2][11]

Chandon died at her home in Paris on 8 March 1944.[12]

Legacy

Asteroid 1341 Edmée, discovered in 1935, was named in her honour.[2]

In 2026, Chandon was announced as one of 72 historical women in STEM whose names have been proposed to be added to the 72 men already celebrated on the Eiffel Tower. The plan was announced by the Mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo following the recommendations of a committee led by Isabelle Vauglin of Femmes et Sciences [fr] and Jean-François Martins, representing the operating company which runs the Eiffel Tower.[13][14]

Notes

  1. ^ On 11 October 1940, a law was introduced requiring women over the age of 50 to retire.[7]

References

  1. ^ "1885, Naissances, 11 (5577)" (in French). Paris Archives. 24 November 1885. p. 8. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e "CHANDON, Edmée, Marie Juliette, épouse TROUSSET (1885-1944)" (PDF) (in French). Haute-Provence Observatory. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  3. ^ "Rapport annuel sur l'état de l'Observatoire de Paris" (in French). Paris Observatory. 1908. p. 26. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  4. ^ "Nouvelle Victoire féministe". L'Aurore (in French). 9 March 1912. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  5. ^ "Astronomes et artistes fêtent le Soleil". Le Petit Parisien (in French). 23 June 1914. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  6. ^ Leloup, Juliette. L'entre-deux-guerres mathématique à travers les thèses soutenues en France (PDF) (Thesis) (in French). Pierre and Marie Curie University. p. 117. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  7. ^ Christine Fauré (2 June 2004). Political and Historical Encyclopedia of Women. Routledge. p. 595. ISBN 978-1-135-45691-7.
  8. ^ "Académie des sciences: une astronome titulaire à l'observatoire de Paris". NuméroJournal des débats politiques et littéraires (in French). 19 May 1943. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  9. ^ "L'Astronomie". Gallica/BnF (in French). May 1910. p. 219.
  10. ^ "Rapport annuel sur l'état de l'Observatoire de Paris" (in French). Paris Observatory. 1909. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  11. ^ Étude généalogique J. d'Enfert
  12. ^ "1944, Décès, 14 (1461)" (in French). Paris Archives. 10 March 1944. p. 7. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  13. ^ "Eiffel Tower: a list of 72 women scientists will soon be inscribed on the Parisian monument". www.sortiraparis.com. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  14. ^ "Eiffel Tower to honor 72 women scientists for posterity". 2026-01-26. Retrieved 2026-02-03.
allikas: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89dm%C3%A9e_Chandon