Yamashita (written: 山下 lit. "under the mountain") is the 29th most common Japanese surname.^[1] Notable people with the surname include:

• Akihiko Yamashita (born 1966), Japanese animator
• Ayaka Yamashita (disambiguation), multiple people
• Bruce Yamashita, U.S. military lawyer
• Emiko Yamashita (山下 恵美子, born 1953), Japanese handball player
• Yamashita Gentarō (Gentarō Yamashita) (1863–1931), Japanese admiral
• Gota Yamashita (born 1989), Japanese mixed martial artist
• Haruhiro Yamashita (born 1938), Japanese gymnast
• Haruka Yamashita (山下 晴加, born 1995), Japanese model and beauty pageant winner
• Hikaru Yamashita (山下 光, born 2000), Japanese ice hockey player
• Hiroko Yamashita (disambiguation), multiple people
• Iris Yamashita, U.S. screenwriter
• Jun Yamashita (山下 潤, born 1997), Japanese sprinter
• Karen Tei Yamashita (born 1951), Japanese-American writer
• Keigo Yamashita (born 1978), Japanese Go player
• Kazuhito Yamashita (born 1961), Japanese classical guitarist
• Kinuyo Yamashita, Japanese composer
• Kumi Yamashita (born 1968), artist
• Kyle Yamashita (born 1959), American politician
• Maki Yamashita (born 1974), Japanese pop musician
• Mayuko Yamashita (山下 真由子), Japanese mathematician
• Michinori Yamashita (born 1953), Japanese mathematician
• Miyu Yamashita (山下 実優, born 1995), Japanese professional wrestler
• Miyuki Yamashita (山下 美幸, born 1971), Japanese rower
• Mizuki Yamashita (born 1999), Japanese idol and actress
• Norifumi Yamashita (born 1962), Japanese triple jumper
• Reiko Yamashita (born 1973), Japanese pop musician
• Yamashita Rin (山下 りん, 1857–1939), Japanese painter
• Rina Yamashita (山下 リナ, born 1989), Japanese professional wrestler
• Ryoji Yamashita (山下 諒時, born 2000), Japanese footballer
• Sachiko Yamashita (born 1964), Japanese long-distance runner
• Sadako Yamashita (山下 貞子, born 1932), Japanese swimmer
• Shiori Yamashita (山下 栞, born 2002), Japanese ice hockey player
• Yamashita Shintaro (山下新太郎, 1881-1966), Japanese painter
• Stomu Yamashta or Yamashita Tsutomu (born 1947), Japanese percussionist, keyboardist and composer
• Tadashi Yamashita (born 1942), Japanese-born American martial artist
• Takuji Yamashita (1874-1959), Japanese-American civil rights pioneer
• Tatsuro Yamashita (born 1953), Japanese musician and record producer
• Tokuo Yamashita (1919–2014), Japanese politician
• Tomohisa Yamashita (born 1985), Japanese pop musician
• Tomoya Yamashita (山下 友也, born 1946), Japanese sport shooter
• Tomoyuki Yamashita (1885-1946), Japanese general
• Toru Yamashita (born 1988), Japanese guitarist
• Yasuhiro Yamashita (born 1957), Japanese judoka
• Yoshiteru Yamashita (born 1977), Japanese footballer
• Yamashita Yoshitsugu (1865-1935), Japanese Judo exponent
• Yosuke Yamashita (born 1942), Japanese jazz musician
• Sachio Yamashita, Japanese-American artist, abstract painter and muralist

• Mari Yamashita

• Yamashita Cave Man, human fossils found in Okinawa
• Yamashita Station (disambiguation), several Japanese train stations
• Yamashita's gold, a World War II treasure trove
• The Yamashita Standard, a threshold for command responsibility in war crimes proceedings