Sarpedon was the name of several figures in Greek mythology.

Sarpedon may also refer to:

• Sarpedon (Cilicia), a town of ancient Cilicia, now in Turkey
• Sarpedon, the ancient name of the Turkish village of Burunucu
• Sarpedon, the island home of Medusa according to Hesiod

• 2223 Sarpedon, an asteroid that shares the same orbit around the Sun as the planet Jupiter
• Graphium sarpedon, a species of swallowtail butterfly found in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Australia
• Sarpedon (beetle), a genus in the family Eucnemidae

• HMS Sarpedon, various ships of the Royal Navy
• SS Sarpedon (1923), a cargo liner of the Blue Funnel Line
• USS Sarpedon (ARB-7), an Aristaeus-class battle damage repair ship

• Sarpedon Krater, alternative name for the Euphronios Krater, an ancient Greek terra cotta vase
• Sarpedon, a character in the television series Charmed
• Sarpedon, the childhood teacher of Cato the Younger
• Sarpeidon, a fictional planet, setting of the Star Trek episode All Our Yesterdays (1969).

• SS Sarpedon