Occam or Ockham may refer to:

• William of Ockham (c. 1287–1347), English friar, philosopher and theologian
  • Ockham's Razor, named after him
• Byron King-Noel, Viscount Ockham (1836–1862), British peer
• Peter King, 1st Baron King of Ockham (1669–1734), English lawyer, politician, Lord Chancellor of England

• Ockham, Surrey, England, a village believed to be the birthplace of William of Ockham
• Ockham Park, seventeenth century English country house in Ockham, Surrey

• HMS Ockham (M2714), one of 93 ships of the Ham-class of inshore minesweepers
• occam (programming language), also named after William of Ockham

• Observatory for Cultural and Audiovisual Communication in the Mediterranean, established in 1996 by UNESCO in Milan
• Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, an office of the National Cancer Institute
• Oxford Centre for Collaborative Applied Mathematics, a research centre at the University of Oxford

• Oakham (disambiguation)
• Occam learning, model of algorithmic learning
• Occam process, a method for the manufacture of populated, printed circuit boards
• Ockham algebra, bounded distributive lattice with a dual endomorphism
• Ockham Awards, annual awards by The Skeptic magazine
• Ockham New Zealand Book Awards, a series of awards to works of New Zealand citizens
• Ockham's Razor Theatre Company, an aerial theatre company