Ichioka (written: 一岡/市岡) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Ryuji Ichioka (born 1991), Japanese baseball player
• Sarah Ichioka, British-American writer
• Toshiye Ichioka (1912–1995), Americam actress better known as Toshia Mori
• Yuji Ichioka (1936–2002), American historian and activist

• Ichioka Station (市岡駅, Ichioka-eki), a train station in Niimi, Okayama Prefecture, Japan