Edward Thompson or variants may refer to:

• Edward Thompson (of Sheriff Hutton) (c. 1639–1701), English landowner and politician
• Edward Thompson (1697–1742), British MP and Lord of the Admiralty
• Edward Thompson (FDNY Commissioner) (1913–1995), American firefighter, Fire Commissioner of New York City
• Edward Charles Thompson (1851–1933), Member of Parliament for North Monaghan, 1900–1906
• Edward Herbert Thompson (1857–1935), US diplomat and archaeologist
• Ed Thompson (Texas politician) (born 1950), American politician
• Ed Thompson (Wisconsin politician) (1944–2011), American businessman and politician

• Edward Thompson (footballer) (1894–1918), English footballer
• Eddie Thompson (businessman) (1940–2008), Scottish businessman and football club chairman
• Eddie Thompson (Canadian football) (1917–1943), Canadian football player and WW2 airman
• Eddie Thompson (cricketer) (1907–1982), English cricketer
• Eddie Thompson (rugby union) (1906–?), Australian rugby union player
• Ed Thompson (footballer) (born 1983), English football goalkeeper

• Edward Healy Thompson (1813–1891), English Roman Catholic writer
• Edward John Thompson (1886–1946), British scholar, novelist, historian and translator
• Edward Roffe Thompson (1891–1973), English author and journalist
• Edward Kramer Thompson (1907–1996), American writer and editor
• E. P. Thompson (1924–1993), British historian, socialist, author and peace campaigner

• Edward Thompson (actor) (1898–1960), American film actor
• Edward Maunde Thompson (1840–1929), British palaeographer
• Edward Thompson (engineer) (1881–1954), British railway engineer
• Edward Thompson (Royal Navy officer) (1738–1786), English commodore nicknamed "Poet Thompson" for his writings
• Eddie Thompson (musician) (1925–1986), English jazz pianist
• E. A. Thompson (Edward Arthur Thompson, 1914–1994), British historian

• Edward Thompson Hoke Wang, actually Naga Thein Hlaing (1933–2021), Burmese surgeon
• Edward Thomson (disambiguation)