Jeongyangsa, also romanized Chŏngyang-sa, (정양사, 正陽寺, N 38.6321, E 128.0628) was a Korean Buddhist temple on Mount Geumgang (금강산,金剛山). This temple was known as the best scenic spot in the Mount Geumgang area. Located at an altitude of 848m, it overlooks the Pyohunsa temple, located 1 km eastwards and 200m below, on the banks of the Donggeumgang River.[1]

There were several buildings such as Banyajeon (般若殿, enshrining the Beopgi Bodhisattva as the main Buddha), Yakjeon (藥師殿, an hexagonal hall), Heolseongru (헐성루, 歇惺樓, a small pavilion on the right side of the temple grounds, to see the 12000 peaks of the mountain), Yeongsanjeon, and Nahanjeon, as well as a three-story pagoda and stone lanterns.[2]

The #12 (1932) of the "Joseon historical site walk" contains several views of each temple around Mt. Geumgang, Jeongyangsa among them.[3] These pictures taken during the Japanese colonial period are precious since many of these buildings are no longer extant.

During the Korean war, the Bombing of North Korea dropped a total of 635,000 tons of bombs, including 32,557 tons of napalm, on Korea.[4] "Every installation, facility, and village in North Korea [became] a military and tactical target", and the orders given to the Fifth Air Force and Bomber Command was to "destroy every means of communications and every installation, factory, city, and village".[5] As a result, Heolseongru, Yeongsanjeon, Myeongbujeon, Seungbang and Nahanjeon have been destroyed by the US bombings of the area.[6] The other buildings were damaged, but were restored afterwards and classified as the #99 National Treasure (North Korea).[7]

Paintings

Jeongyangsa was depicted by many Korean painters. Among them:

  • Jeong Seon, <Jeongyangsado>, 18th century, pale color on paper, 22.1 x 61.0 cm
  • Kim Ha-jong, <Jeongyang Temple below Cheonildae Rocks, 천일대망정양사, 天一臺望正陽寺> as #09 of the Haesando Album, 1815
  • Kim Ha-jong also released a <Frontal View of Mt. Geumgang from Hyeolseongru Pavilion, 헐성루망전면전경, 歇性樓望前面全景> as #10 of the same Album, 1815

References

  1. ^ angys; et al. (23 June 2021) [Version #3]. "Chongyang Temple, Kumgang County, Kangwon, North Korea". OpenStreetMap Nominatim. OpenStreetMap. 245589164.
  2. ^ "금강산 정양사 [ 表訓寺 正陽寺 ]" [Geumgangsan Jeongyangsa Temple]. 한국민족문화대백과(사전) [Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]. EncyKorea E0050556. Naver 547430.
  3. ^ 朝鮮総督府, ed. (1932) [昭和7]. 朝鮮古蹟図譜. Vol. 12. doi:10.11501/8311064. NDL info:ndljp/pid/8311064 (Call Number: 410-38, NDLBibID: 000000763580).
  4. ^ Armstrong, Charles K. (March 16, 2009). "The Destruction and Reconstruction of North Korea, 1950 - 1960 北朝鮮の破壊と再建'、1950-1960年". The Asia-Pacific Journal / Japan Focus 3460 (published December 20, 2010). ISSN 1557-4660. In "Volume 7 | Issue 0" or "Vol 8, Issue 51 No 2". Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-01-16. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  5. ^ Conway-Lanz, Sahr (4 August 2014). "The Ethics of Bombing Civilians After World War II: The Persistence of Norms Against Targeting Civilians in the Korean War". The Asia-Pacific Journal / Japan Focus. 12 ("Issue 37, Number 1") 4180 (published September 15, 2014). ISSN 1557-4660. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-12-14. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  6. ^ 대한불교조계종 민족공동체추진본부 [Korean Buddhist Jogye Order Headquarters], ed. (2011). "정양사 [ 正陽寺 ]". 북한의 전통사찰 [North Korean traditional temples]. 도서출판 양사재 [養士齋]. ISBN 9788996665908. Naver book 6669533, entry 1692560.
  7. ^ "북한의 국보유적 목록 북한" [North Korea's National Heritage List]. 원문정보 - 국가유산 지식이음. 2004. Archived from the original on 2025-03-06.
  • Mapcarta: https://mapcarta.com/16209060


Allikas: Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongyangsa
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