Chaldean (also Chaldaean or Chaldee) may refer to:

• an old name for the Aramaic language, particularly Biblical Aramaic. See Chaldean misnomer
• Suret, a modern Aramaic language spoken by Chaldean Catholics

• Ancient Chaldeans, ancient Semitic people in southern Mesopotamia
• Modern Chaldeans, Assyrian adherents of the Chaldean Catholic Church

• Chaldea, an ancient region whose inhabitants were known as Chaldeans
• Neo-Babylonian Empire, also called the Chaldean Empire
• Chaldean Town, a neighborhood of Detroit, Michigan, U.S.

• Chaldean Catholic Church, Eastern Rite Catholic Church in full communion with the Catholic Church
• Chaldean Rite, the East Syriac Rite of the Chaldean Catholics
• Chaldean Oracles, texts widely used by Neoplatonist philosophers from 3rd to 6th centuries AD; referred to by some of the Christian Church Fathers
• Chaldean Syrian Church, title used for the Assyrian Church of the East in India

• Chaldean (horse) (foaled 2020), Thoroughbred racehorse

• Khaldi (disambiguation)
• Assyrian people