Calycanthus occidentalis, commonly called spice bush or western sweetshrub,[3] is a species of flowering shrub in the family Calycanthaceae that is native to California and Washington state. It grows along streams and moist canyons in the foothills of mountains.[4]

Description

Calycanthus occidentalis is a deciduous shrub that can reach a height of 4 m (13 ft). Its leaves are opposite, and grow to about 5–15 cm (2–6 in) long and 2–8 cm (0.8–3.1 in) wide. They are more-or-less ovate with acute tips, a rounded base. The flowers appear from late spring to early fall. The flowers do not have distinctive sepals and petals, but have swirls of dark red to burgundy colored petal-like structures called tepals, 2–6 cm (0.8–2.4 in) long and 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) wide. The flowers open to about 5 cm (2 in) wide, but can occasionally reach three inches (eight cm) in width.[5] According to Munz and Keck, the tepals can be up to six cm {2.5 inches) in length for a potential flower width of five inches (twelve cm).[6] The tepals enclose about 10–15 stamens.[7][8] The flowers are pollinated by beetles of the family Nitidulidae.[9]

Cytology

The chromosome count is 2n= 22.[10]

Distribution and habitat

Calycanthus occidentalis is native to California and Washington.[2][3][7] It grows along streams and on moist canyon slopes at elevations of 200–1,600 m (700–5,200 ft).[7]

References

  1. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0".
  2. ^ a b c "Calycanthus occidentalis Hook. & Arn". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  3. ^ a b NRCS. "Calycanthus occidentalis". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  4. ^ "Spice Bush, Calycanthus occidentalis". Calscape. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  5. ^ Turner, R.J. Jr.; Wasson, Ernie (1999). Botanica. not given: Barnes & Noble. p. 175. ISBN 0760716420.
  6. ^ Munz, Philip A.; Keck, David D. (1959). A California Flora. Berkeley, Calif.: Univ. of Calif. Press. p. 77.
  7. ^ a b c Johnson, George P. "Calycanthus occidentalis". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America (online). eFloras.org. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  8. ^ Johnson, George P.; Fosiée, Tahbaz. "Calycanthus occidentalis Sweet-shrub, Spicebush". Jepson eFlora. The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  9. ^ Gottsberger, Gerhard; Gottsberger, Brigitte; Silberbauer-Gottsberger, Ilse; Stanojlovic, Vesna; Cabrele, Chiara & Dötterl, Stefan (2021). "Imitation of fermenting fruits in beetle-pollinated Calycanthus occidentalis (Calycanthaceae)". Flora. 274. 151732. doi:10.1016/j.flora.2020.151732.
  10. ^ Munz and Keck loc.cit.


Allikas: Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calycanthus_occidentalis
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