Year 1058 (MLVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

• March 17 – King Lulach ("the Unfortunate") of Scotland is killed in battle against his cousin and rival Malcolm III ("Canmore") who becomes king of the Scots.^[1]
• September 20 – Empress Agnes de Poitou and King Andrew I ("the White") of Hungary meet to negotiate about the border zone in Burgenland (modern Austria).
• 4-year-old Judith of Swabia, youngest daughter of the late Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, is engaged to Prince Solomon of Hungary at Regensburg.
• Norman conquest of southern Italy: Norman forces under Richard Drengot besiege and capture Capua. He takes the princely title from Prince Landulf VIII.
• Bolesław II the Generous, eldest son of Casimir I the Restorer, succeeds his father after his death in Poznań and becomes duke of Poland.^[2]

• The Almoravids conquer the Barghawata, a group of Berber tribes, who have established an independent state in modern-day Morocco.

• Spring – Pope Stephen IX pronounces on the authenticity of the relics of Mary Magdalene at Vézelay Abbey in Burgundy, making it a major centre of pilgrimage.
• March 29 – Stephen IX dies of a severe illness after a pontificate of 7 months at Florence. He is succeeded by Nicholas II who will be installed the following year.
• November 6 – Byzantine Emperor Isaac I Komnenos deposes Michael I Cerularius, patriarch of Constantinople, and has him exiled to Prokonnessos (until 1059).
• Ealdred, archbishop of York, becomes the first English bishop to make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.

• Al-Ghazali, Persian theologian and jurist (approximate date)
• Ibn Bassam, Andalusian poet and historian (d. 1147)
• Synadene, queen consort of Hungary (approximate date)
• Theodora Anna Doukaina Selvo, Venetian dogaressa (d. 1083)
• Wynebald de Ballon, Norman nobleman (approximate date)

• March 1 – Ermesinde, countess and regent of Barcelona
• March 17 – Lulach ("the Unfortunate"), king of Scotland^[1]
• March 29 – Stephen IX, pope of the Catholic Church
• August 2 – Judith of Schweinfurt, duchess of Bohemia
• November 28 – Casimir I the Restorer, duke of Poland (b. 1016)
• Abdollah ibn Bukhtishu, Syrian physician (b. 980)
• Abu Muhammad al-Yazuri, vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate
• Ælfwold II, bishop of Sherborne (approximate date)
• Al-Mawardi, Abbasid jurist and diplomat (b. 972)
• Boite mac Cináeda (or Bodhe), Scottish prince
• Centule IV Gaston ("the Old"), viscount of Béarn
• Egbert of Fulda, German Benedictine abbot
• Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani, Persian poet and writer
• Flaithem Mac Mael Gaimrid, Irish poet and Chief Ollam
• Grigor Magistros, Armenian prince and governor
• Ilduara Mendes, countess and regent of Portugal
• Theophanu, abbess of Essen and Gerresheim
• William VII ("the Bold"), duke of Aquitaine (b. 1023)