2C-T-33, also known as 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(3-methoxybenzylthio)phenethylamine, is a serotonin receptor agonist of the phenethylamine and 2C families.[1][2][3] It was first synthesized and described by Daniel Trachsel in 2003.[2][3] The drug is not known to have ever been tested in humans and its active human doses have not been reported.[3][4]

2C-T-33 shows high affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (Ki = 1.7 nM) and to a much lesser extent for the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor (Ki = 75 nM; 44-fold lower than for 5-HT2A).[5] In terms of serotonin 5-HT2A receptor activation, its EC50Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration is 26 nM and its EmaxTooltip maximal efficacy is 40%.[5] Hence, 2C-T-33 acts as a low-efficacy partial agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.[6][5][7] The drug shows higher affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor but much lower potency and efficacy in activating the receptor compared to 2C-T or 2C-B (which had values of Ki = 6.9–49 nM, EC50 = 2.0–2.1 nM, and Emax = 75–92%).[5] In contrast to most other 2C drugs and serotonergic psychedelics, 2C-T-33 appears to be completely inactive as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor (EC50 > 10,000 nM).[5] The drug has also been assessed at a number of other targets.[5]

The drug did not significantly produce the head-twitch response (HTR), a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, in rodents, and hence may not have hallucinogenic effects in humans.[6] Its analogue 2C-T-27 (which lacks the methoxy group on the added benzyl ring) significantly and potently induces the HTR in rodents.[6] However, the HTR induced by 2C-T-27 is far weaker in magnitude than that induced by other 2C-T-X drugs and other serotonergic psychedelics.[6] For example, 2C-T (or 2C-T-1) induced about 7-fold more HTR events than 2C-T-33.[6] In contrast to the lack of assessment of 2C-T-33 in humans, 2C-T-27 has been evaluated and found to be active as a psychedelic in humans with a dose range of 80 to 130 mg.[6][1]

The lack of HTR with 2C-T-33 may be due to its low-efficacy partial agonism of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor and the receptor not being activated strongly enoughly.[6] The potencies of psychedelics in inducing the HTR are positively correlated with their efficacies in activating the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.[6] The bulky 4 substitution of 2C-T-33 may be too large to accommodate the binding pocket of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor in terms of maintaining robust receptor activation.[6] Similar findings have been observed for other phenethylamines with bulky 4-position substitutions, such as DOHx, DOBz, and 4-PhPr-3,5-DMA.[6]

In addition to its potential psychoactive effects, 2C-T-33 has shown anti-inflammatory effects in animal studies similarly to other serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists and serotonergic psychedelics.[7] However, 2C-T-33 was the least effective assessed phenethylamine and was far less effective than other phenethylamines such as 2C-I, DOIB, 2C-B, (R)-DOI, and 2,5-DMA, among others.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Trachsel D, Lehmann D, Enzensperger C (2013). Phenethylamine: von der Struktur zur Funktion [Phenethylamines: From Structure to Function]. Nachtschatten-Science (in German). Solothurn: Nachtschatten-Verlag. pp. 789–795. ISBN 978-3-03788-700-4. OCLC 858805226. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
  2. ^ a b Trachsel D (2003). "Synthese von neuen (Phenylalkyl)aminen zur Untersuchung von Struktur–Aktivitätsbeziehungen. Mitteilung 2: 4-Thio-substituierte [2-(2,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amine (=2,5-Dimethoxybenzolethanamine)" [Synthesis of Novel (Phenylalkyl)amines for the Investigation of Structure–Activity Relationships. Part 2). 4-Thio-Substituted [2-(2,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amines (=2,5-Dimethoxybenzeneethanamines)]. Helvetica Chimica Acta. 86 (7): 2610–2619. doi:10.1002/hlca.200390210. ISSN 0018-019X.
  3. ^ a b c Meyers-Riggs B (3 April 2011). "Shulgin's Sulfur Symphony". countyourculture. Retrieved 17 February 2025. 2C-T-33 (2,5-dimethoxy-4-(3-methoxybenzylthio)phenethylamine) A 3-methoxy substituted 2C-T-27. Synthesized by Daniel Trachsel but has not been bioassayed to public knowledge. [...] Trachsel, D. Synthesis of novel (phenylalkyl)amines for the investigation of structure-activity relationships. Part 2. 4-Thio-substituted [2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amines (=2,5-dimethoxybenzeneethanamines). Helv. Chim. Acta, 5 Aug 2003, 86 (7), 2610–2619.
  4. ^ Luethi D, Liechti ME (October 2018). "Monoamine Transporter and Receptor Interaction Profiles in Vitro Predict Reported Human Doses of Novel Psychoactive Stimulants and Psychedelics". The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 21 (10): 926–931. doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyy047. PMC 6165951. PMID 29850881.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Luethi D, Trachsel D, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (May 2018). "Monoamine receptor interaction profiles of 4-thio-substituted phenethylamines (2C-T drugs)" (PDF). Neuropharmacology. 134 (Pt A): 141–148. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.012. PMID 28720478.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Halberstadt AL, Luethi D, Hoener MC, Trachsel D, Brandt SD, Liechti ME (January 2023). "Use of the head-twitch response to investigate the structure-activity relationships of 4-thio-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenylalkylamines". Psychopharmacology. 240 (1): 115–126. doi:10.1007/s00213-022-06279-2. PMC 9816194. PMID 36477925.
  7. ^ a b c Flanagan TW, Billac GB, Landry AN, Sebastian MN, Cormier SA, Nichols CD (April 2021). "Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Psychedelics in a Rat Model of Asthma Reveals the Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacophore". ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science. 4 (2): 488–502. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00063. PMC 8033619. PMID 33860179.
Allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2C-T-33
No tags for this post.