Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1854.

• Giovanni Battista de Rossi discovers the Catacomb of Callixtus in Rome.
• Karl von Scherzer examines and writes a description of Quiriguá, a Maya site in Guatemala.
• Thomas Wright investigates Kit's Coty House, the remains of a Neolithic chambered long barrow in Kent, England.

• Coleraine Hoard in the north of Ireland.
• Dalton Parlours Roman villa in Yorkshire, England.

• August 26 - Kate Bradbury Griffith, English Egyptologist (d. 1902)

• September 27 - Frederick Catherwood (b. 1799)

• List of years in archaeology
• 1853 in archaeology
• 1855 in archaeology