Map of indigenous territories in Alagoas and Sergipe states, Brazil

The Xukuruan languages are a language family proposed by Loukotka (1968) that links two languages of eastern Brazil.[1][2] The languages are:

Loukotka (1968) also lists the unattested Garañun (Garanhun), an extinct, undocumented language once spoken in the Serra dos Garanhuns.[1]

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Shukurú and Paratió.[1]

gloss Shukurú Paratió
ear bandulák bolúdo
tooth chilodé vovó
man sheñupre sheñup
sun kiá kiá
moon klariːmon limolago
earth krashishi
tobacco mãzyé mazyaː

Pompeu (1958)

These word lists of language varieties from the Serra do Urubá (also known as the Serra do Arorobá or Serra do Ororubá, located in the municipality of Pesqueira, Pernambuco) are reproduced from Pompeu Sobrinho (1958).[3]

Below is a vocabulary collected by Domingos Cruz in Pesqueira, Pernambuco from his informant Rodrigues de Mendonça, who was originally from the Serra do Urubá:

Portuguese gloss "Serra do Urubá"
cabeça (head) kreká, kri, ká
cabeça de vaca (cow head) kreká memêngo
chapéu (hat) kriákugo, kriá
chuva (rain) kraxixi
comida (food) kringó
comida boa (good food) kringó konengo
cachaça (liquor) irínka
bom, boa (good) konengo
chefe, mais velho (boss, older) taióp
deus (God) tupá
faca grande (big knife) xaníko
faca pequena (small knife) saquarék
homem (man) xiakrók
homem branco (white man) karé
homem índio (Indian man) xenunpe
homem defeituoso (deformed man) jajú
fome (hunger) xurák
inimigo (enemy) aredirí
ir embora (go away) nuntógo
mulher (woman) krippó
milho (corn) xigó
nevoeiro (fog) batukin
lua (moon) limolago
sol (sun) oraci
pedra (stone) krá
pedra (em cima da terra) [stone (on top of the earth)] krá xixí
pé (foot) poiá
defeito (defect) guxú
pé defeituoso (defective foot) poiá guxú
ruim (bad) aguá, pigó
homem branco ruim (bad white man) karé aguá
homem branco bom (good white man) karé konengo
O inimigo vem aí. (The enemy is coming.) arediri arediri

Vocabulary collected by Domingos Cruz from his informant Pedro Rodrigues, who was originally from the sitio of Gitó in the Serra do Urubá:

Portuguese gloss Gitó variety
aguardente (liquor) orinka
aldeiamento (village) taiopo maritáro
arco (arma) [bow (weapon)] tamaingú, temaigú
carne (meat) inxi, ixi
fome (hunger) xurák
negro (homem) (black man) taká
cabra (goat) krexkuák jãtarinta
negra (black) taká jipu
onça (jaguar) jetôme
raça, tribo (race, tribe) xekurú
marinheiro (estrangeiro) [sailor (foreigner)] karé irut
carne (meat) inxin
comedor de carne (meat eater) inzin aragogú
mentiroso (liar) jupegúgo
lua (moon) limolágo
sol (sun) orací
deus (God) tupá
Nossa Senhora (Our Lady (Virgin Mary)) Tamaipí

Vocabulary collected by José Joaquim in Rio Branco, Pernambuco of a language spoken in the Serra do Urubá:

Portuguese gloss "Serra do Urubá"
bom dia (good morning) degómen
cacete (club) kirí, quirí
cabeça (head) krêkió
batata (potato) baká, koxó
altar (altar) oiô
canela (tíbia) (shin, tibia) gatí
canela fina (fine shin) gatirí
cachaça (liquor) urínka
? () urinka karóba
mão (hand) kêerakê
dedo (finger) atirí, tirí
nariz (nose) korõzó
espiga (milho) [ear (of corn)] tók, tóque
fumo, tabaco (smoke, tobacco) mãjá
Como vai? (How are you?) adeusá
livro (book) quatirá
fino (thin) irí
longe (far) tigí
ir embora (go away) ombêira
livrar-se (get rid of) muntógo
feijão (bean) jejá
cara, rosto (face) nãí
cara feia (ugly face) naiogo
negro (homem) (black man) taka
olhar (look) antiá
pano (cloth) mití (?)
pano velho (farrapo) (old cloth, rag) takó
mandioca ou macaxeira (cassava or manioc) xaká
milho (corn) xigó
vertir (pour, spill) tadí
roupa (clothes) kunãgo
roupa nova (new clothes) tiliká
roupa velha (old clothes) takó
girau (turned) koiá
livro (book) katirá, quatirá
tamboeira (de milho) (poorly sprouted corn) boró tiga
espiga de milho (corn cob) tiga gugá

References

  1. ^ a b c Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
  2. ^ Xukuru Alain Fabre (2005). Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos.
  3. ^ Pompeu Sobrinho, Thomaz. 1958. Línguas Tapuias desconhecidas do Nordeste: Alguns vocabulários inéditos. Boletim de Antropologia (Fortaleza-Ceará) 2. 3-19.

Sources

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