The Siege of Uman was conducted by the Polish-Lithuanian-Crimean forces as part of the renewed campaign against the Cossack Hetmanate, on 14–19 January 1655.[7]

Prelude

On 2 December 1654, Sheremetev gathered his army and headed to Right-Bank Ukraine, where he joined with Khmelnytsky's army. During this time, Polish-Lithuanian troops pacified Bratslav and massacred civilians in Demkovka. In January 1655, Polish-Lithuanian army was joined by the Crimean troops of Murza Kamambet and they launched an offensive towards Uman.[7] This army consisted of 28,000 Polish-Lithuanian and 30,000 Crimean Tatar troops.[3] Uman was defended by 12,000 Zaporozhian Cossacks and 30,000 militiamen.[2] Polish-Lithuanian forces made initial attempts to capture Uman in early April 1654, which ended in failure.

Siege

The first attacks on Uman were launched by the Polish-Lithuanian troops of Stefan Czarniecki and Sokolinsky, but these attacks were repulsed.[4] With the arrival of Polish-Lithuanian troops of Stanisław Potocki, allied Crimean troops led by Murzas Kamambet and Akhmet, Polish-Lithuanian-Crimean army captured many settlements and now begun assaulting Uman.[3][4][7] The Cossacks of Uman refused to surrender, which led to intensified attacks. Uman was shelled numerous times which heavily damaged the city.[4] Poles and Tatars achieved partial success in their attacks, but their other assaults were repelled and they were unable to advance further.[1][4] The besieged managed to hold out until the arrival of Cossack-Russian troops led by Sheremetev and Khmelnytsky. The besieged Cossacks took advantage of this, forcing Poles and Tatars to retreat.[4] Cossacks later intercepted Tatars passing near Uman and other settlements, killing or capturing 10,050 Tatar troops.[6]

Aftermath

The Polish-Lithuanian-Crimean army failed to capture Uman and their attacks were repelled.[3][7] Poles and Tatars retreated with the Cossack-Russian forces pursuing them, which led to Battle of Okhmativ. Failed attacks on Uman degraded the Polish-Lithuanian army. After this event, some chroniclers later begun comparing the defense of Uman in 1655 to defense of Breda by the Dutch garrison against the numerically superior Spanish army in 1624–1625.[4]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ 20,000 cavalry
    8,000 infantry

References

  1. ^ a b "Фортеця". reherit.org.ua. Retrieved 2025-02-14.
  2. ^ a b 400-летию города Умань. p. 368.
  3. ^ a b c d YA. V. Pylypchuk. p. 74.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "УМАНСЬКІ ОБОРОНИ 1654, 1655, 1674". resource.history.org.ua. Retrieved 2025-02-14.
  5. ^ Олег Курбатов (2019). p. 51.
  6. ^ a b YA. V. Pylypchuk. THE ALLIANCE OF THE CRIMEAN KHANATE WITH RZECZPOSPOLITA, 1654–1657: MILITARY ASPECTS. p. 73.
  7. ^ a b c d Курбатов, Олег (2019). Русско-польская война 1654–1667 гг. Runivers. p. 50. ISBN 5905719195.
Allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Uman_(1655)
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