Roelof is a given name, the Dutch cognate of Rudolph. Notable people with the name include:

• Roelof Bisschop (born 1956), Dutch historian and politician
• Roelof Botha (born 1973), venture capitalist and company director
• Roelof Frederik Botha or Pik Botha (1932–2018), former politician from South Africa
• Johannes Roelof Maria van den Brink (1915–2006), Dutch politician and banker
• Paulus Roelof Cantz'laar (1771–1831), Dutch naval officer and colonial governor
• Roelof Dednam (born 1985), male badminton player from South Africa
• Roelof Diodati (1658–1723), governor of Dutch Mauritius in the late 17th century
• Roelof Frankot (1911–1984), Dutch painter
• Roelof Hordijk (1917–1979), Dutch fencer
• Roelof Huysmann (1444–1485), pre-Erasmian humanist of the northern Low Countries
• Roelof Klein (1877–1960), Dutch rower who competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris
• Roelof Koets (1592–1654), Dutch Golden Age painter
• Roelof Koets (Zwolle) (1655–1725), 18th-century painter from the Northern Netherlands
• Roelof Koops (1909–2008), Dutch speed skater who competed in the 1936 Winter Olympics
• Roelof Kranenburg (1880–1956), Dutch politician, lawyer and professor of state law
• Roelof Kruisinga (1922–2012), Dutch physician and politician
• Roelof van Laar (born 1981), Dutch politician
• Roelof van Lennep (1876–1951), Dutch male tennis player
• Roelof de Man (1634–1663), Dutch colonial administrator in South Africa
• Roelof van der Merwe (born 1984), South African cricketer
• Roelof Nelissen (1931–2019), retired Dutch politician of the defunct Catholic People's Party
• Roelof Smit (born 1993), South African rugby union player
• Roelof Jansz van Vries (1631–1681), Dutch Golden Age painter
• Roelof Wunderink (born 1948), Dutch former racing driver

• Roelofs
• Rolf