Papora-Hoanya, also known as Bupuran, Hinapavosa, Papola, Papora-Hoanya, Hoanya and Vupuran, is an extinct Formosan language of Taiwan. It was made up of the Papora and Hoanya dialects which were spoken across the middle western side of the island, around Lishui, Chingshui, Shalu, and inland to Taichung.[1] The earliest found report of its extinction was from 2009.[2]
Phonology
Papora-Hoanya contained the consonant phonemes p, t, k, θ, s, b, d, l, m, and n and others though it lacked the consonants q and h.[3]
Vocabulary
| Hoanya[4][5] | English[4][5] |
|---|---|
| abiki | areca nut |
| ada~ala | child |
| atu | dog |
| babu | pig |
| batu | stone |
| bulas | moon |
| bulbul | banana |
| dumoák | to stand |
| dzalan | road |
| dzapu | fire |
| k<am>ita | to see |
| lasən | vegetables |
| lima | five |
| lipun | tooth |
| ma-bali | windy |
| magi | come |
| ma-kat-a-lat-hah | to hunt |
| mama | father |
| mami | sweet |
| ma-pasa | to die |
| masa | eye |
| matala-gasut | one |
| matsahā | to steal |
| ma-tulu | sleep |
| mudzas | ro rain |
| numzak | to cook |
| padza | rice plant |
| pai | woman/female |
| pa-itik | few |
| saŋila | ear |
| sau | person |
| -sia | nine |
| sibus | sugarcane |
| sikan | fish |
| suazi | younger sister |
| s<um>ai | to defecate |
| tiat~chias | belly |
| t<um>māla | to hear |
| tutu | female breast |
| ulu | head |
| usu | louse |
| vaki | grandfather |
| zazum~salum | water |
References
- ^ Ethnologue
- ^ "Ethnologue report for language code: ppu". 2016-03-04. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
- ^ Shibata, Kye (2022-01-01). "Reexamining the historical relationships of the "Western Plains" languages". South East Asian Linguistics Society Annual Meeting.
- ^ a b "ACD - Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Online - Language Hoanya". acd.clld.org. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
- ^ a b "Papora-Hoanya". docs.verbix.com. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
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