The House of Obolensky (Russian: Оболенский, romanized: Obolenskiy) is an ancient Russian princely family, claiming descent from the Olgovichi branch of Rurik dynasty.^[1]

Their name is said^{[by whom?]} to derive from the town of Obolensk in the Upper Oka Principalities near Moscow.^{[citation needed]} Members of the family belonged to the Russian nobility and held the hereditary title of Knyaz in the Empire of Russia.^[1] The Obolensky coat of arms is composed of the emblems of Kiev and Chernigov.^{[citation needed]}The family of aristocrats mostly fled Russia in 1917 during the Russian Revolution.^{[citation needed]}

• Ivan Mikhailovich Obolensky (d.1523), nicknamed Repnya, ancestor of the House of Repnin^{[citation needed]}
• Alexey Obolensky (1819–1884), Russian artillery general
• Ivan Mikhailovich Obolensky (1853–1910), Governor-General of Finland
• Alexei Dmitrievich Obolensky (24 November/6 December 1855-21 September 1933)-Russian state man, equerry, Chief Prosecutor of the Holy Synod(1905—1906), an owner of the Berezichi estate

After the Russian Revolution, part of the Obolensky family went into exile and their descendants carry "Obolensky" as a regular surname.^{[citation needed]}

• Alexander Sergeevich Obolensky (b. 1916, d. 1940 in Suffolk), was a Russian prince and went on to represent England in international Rugby Union. He was popularly known as "The Flying Prince" or simply as "Obo"
• Alexis Alekseevich Obolensky (1915–1986), socialite and "father of modern backgammon"
• Alexis Nikolaevich Obolensky (1919–2006), senior U.S. State Department interpreter (nine languages), instrumental in completion of notable US-USSR Treaties and Agreements
• Dimitri Alexandrovich Obolensky (1882–1964), son of Prince Alexander Dimitrievich Obolensky (1847–1917), after the revolution became a night watchman and a taxi driver in Paris
• Dimitri Dmitriyevich Obolensky (1918–2001), historian, son of Dmitri Alexandrovich Obolensky (1882–1964) and Countess Maria Shuvalov (1894–1973)
• Ivan Sergeyevich Obolensky (1925–2019), son of Sergei Platonovich "Serge" Obolensky and Ava Alice Muriel Astor
• Serge Obolensky (1890–1978), Sergei Platonovich "Serge" Obolensky (born at Tsarskoye Selo), was a Russian Prince; 1st husband of Ava Alice Muriel Astor (1902–1956) (daughter of John Jacob Astor IV (1864–1912) of the Astor family and Ava Lowle Willing (1868–1958)), and son of Platon Sergeyevich Obolensky and Marie Narishkin, he was Vice Chairman of the Board of Hilton Hotels Corporation. His first wife was a daughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia
• Sergey Nikolaievich Obolensky (1909–1992), son of Nikolai Leonidovich Obolensky