The influence of William Shakespeare on the English language is pervasive. Shakespeare introduced or invented countless words in his plays, with estimates of the number in the several thousands. Warren King clarifies by saying that, "In all of his work – the plays, the sonnets and the narrative poems – Shakespeare uses 17,677 words: Of those, 1,700 were first used by Shakespeare."[1] He is also well known for borrowing from the classical literature and foreign languages.[2] He created these words by "changing nouns into verbs, changing verbs into adjectives, connecting words never before used together, adding prefixes and suffixes, and devising words wholly original."[3] Many of Shakespeare's original phrases are still used in conversation and language today.

While it is probable that Shakespeare created many new words, an article in National Geographic points out the findings of historian Jonathan Hope who wrote in "Shakespeare's 'Native English'" that "the Victorian scholars who read texts for the first edition of the OED paid special attention to Shakespeare: his texts were read more thoroughly and cited more often, so he is often credited with the first use of words, or senses of words, which can, in fact, be found in other writers."[4]

A

B

C-D-E

  • Come what may. Macbeth. Act 1. Scene 3.[15]
  • Cowards die many times before their death; the valiant only taste of death but once. Julius Caesar. Act 2. Scene 2.[13]
  • Dead as a doornail. Henry VI, Part 2.[9]
  • Double, double toil and trouble. Macbeth. Act 4. Scene 1.[16]
  • Et tu, Brute! Then fall, Caesar. Julius Caesar. Act 3. Scene 1.[13]

F

  • Fair is foul and foul is fair. Macbeth. Act 1. Scene 1.[16]
  • Fair play. The Tempest. Act 5. Scene 1.[17]
  • Foregone conclusion. Othello. Act 3. Scene 3.[5]
  • Frailty, thy name is woman. Hamlet. Act 1. Scene 2.[18]
  • Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. Julius Caesar. Act 3. Scene 2.[13]
  • Full fathom five, thy father lies. The Tempest. Act 1. Scene 2.[19]

G

  • Get thee to a nunnery. Hamlet. Act 3. Scene 1.[18]
  • Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice. Hamlet. Act 1. Scene 3.[20]
  • Good night, sweet prince. Hamlet. Act 5. Scene 2.[14]
  • Good riddance. Troilus and Cressida. Act 2. Scene 1.[21]

H

  • He hath eaten me out of house and home. Henry VI Part 2. Act 2. Scene 1.[22]
  • Hell is empty and all the devils are here. The Tempest. Act 1. Scene 2.[19]
  • How now? Even so quickly can one catch the plague? Twelfth Night. Act 1. Scene 5.[23]
  • Heart of gold. Henry V. Act IV. Scene I.[5]
  • How sharper than a serpent’s tooth it is to have a thankless child. King Lear. Act 1. Scene 4.[24]

I

  • I am a man, more sinned against than sinning. King Lear. Act 3. Scene 2.[24]
  • I wasted time and now doth time waste me. Richard II. Act 5. Scene 5.[25]
  • If music be the food of love, play on. Twelfth night. Act 1. Scene 1.[26]
  • If you prick us, do we not bleed? The Merchant of Venice. Act 3. Scene 1.[18]
  • In my heart of hearts. Hamlet. Act 3. Scene 2.[5]
  • In stitches. Twelfth Night. Act 3. Scene 2.[11]
  • It is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. Macbeth. Act 5. Scene 5.[27]
  • It’s Greek to me. Julius Caesar. Act 1. Scene 2.[5]

J

  • Jaws of death. Twelfth Night. Act 3. Scene 4.[28]
  • Jealousy is the green-eyed monster. Othello. Act 3. Scene 3.[5]

K

  • Kill with kindness. The Taming of the Shrew. Act 4. Scene 1.[29]
  • Kiss me, Kate. The Taming of the Shrew. Act 5. Scene 1.[30]
  • Knock, knock. Who’s there …? Macbeth. Act 2 Scene 3.[31]

L

M

  • Men of few words are the best men. Henry V. Act 3. Scene 2.[33]
  • Melted into thin air. The Tempest. Act 4. Scene 1.[5]
  • Method in the madness. Hamlet. Act 2. Scene 2. [14]
  • My bounty is as boundless as the sea, my love as deep. Romeo and Juliet. Act 2 Scene 2.[34]
  • My salad days. Anthony and Cleopatra. Act 1.Scene 5.

N

  • Neither a borrower nor a lender be. Hamlet. Act 1. Scene 3.[14]
  • Neither rhyme nor reason. Comedy of errors. Act 2. Scene 2.[5]
  • Night owl. The Rape of Lucrece.[35]
  • Nothing will come of nothing. King Lear. Act 1. Scene 1.[18]
  • Now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer by this sun of York. Richard III. Act 1. Scene 1.[6]
  • No legacy is so rich as honesty. All’s Well that Ends Well. Act 3. Scene 5.[36]

O

  • O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou, Romeo? Romeo and Juliet. Act 2. Scene 1.[7]
  • Off with his head! Richard III. Act 3. Scene 4.[18]
  • Once more into the breech. Henry V. Act 3. Scene 1.[33]
  • One touch of nature makes the whole world kin. Troilus and Cressida. Act 3. Scene 3.[37]
  • Our revels are now ended. The Tempest. Act 4. Scene 1.[19]
  • Out, damned spot. Macbeth. Act 5. Scene 1.[38]
  • Out, out, brief candle! Macbeth. Act 5. Scene 5.[27]
  • Own flesh and blood. Hamlet. Act 1. Scene 5.[5]

P-Q-R

  • Parting is such sweet sorrow. Romeo and Juliet. Act 2. Scene 1.[7]
  • Pound of flesh. Merchant of Venice. Act 4. Scene 1.[39]

S

  • Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Sonnet 18.[40]
  • Short shrift. Richard III. Act 3. Scene 4.[5]
  • Some are born great, some achieve greatness and some have greatness thrust upon them. Twelfth Night. Act 2. Scene 5.[23]
  • Something is rotten in the state of Denmark. Hamlet. Act 1. Scene 4.[14]
  • Something wicked comes this way. Macbeth. Act 4. Scene 1.[5][16]
  • Sound and fury. Macbeth. Act 5. Scene 5.[26]
  • Star-crossed lovers. Romeo and Juliet. Prologue.[41]
  • Sterner stuff. Julius Caesar. Act 3. Scene 2.[5]
  • Suit the action to the word, the word to the action. Hamlet. Act 3. Scene 2.[42]
  • Sweet are the uses of adversity. As You Like It. Act 2. Scene 1.[43]

T

  • That way madness lies. King Lear. Act 3. Scene 4.[44]
  • That which we call a rose by any other word would smell as sweet. Romeo and Juliet. Act 2. Scene 1.[7]
  • The be-all and the end-all. Macbeth. Act 1. Scene 7.[5]
  • The better part of valour is discretion. Henry IV, Part 1. Act V, scene 4.[45]
  • The clothes make the man. Hamlet. Act 1. Scene 3.[5]
  • The evil that men do lives after them; the good is oft interred with their bones. Julius Caesar. Act 3, Scene 2.[18]
  • The lady doth protest too much, methinks. Hamlet. Act 3. Scene 2.[18]
  • The readiness is all. Hamlet. Act 5. Scene 2.[46]
  • The world’s your oyster. Merry Wives of Windsor. Act 2. Scene 2.[11]
  • Thereby hangs a tale. As You Like It. Act 2. Scene 7.[47]
  • To be or not to be, that is the question. Hamlet. Act 3, scene 1.[48]
  • To thine own self be true. Hamlet. Act 1. Scene 3.[49]
  • Too much of a good thing. As you like it. Act 4. Scene 1.[5]
  • Tower of strength. Richard III. Act 5. Scene 3.[5]

U-V

  • Uneasy lies the head that wears the crown. Henry IV, Part 2. Act 3. Scene 1.[18]

W

  • We are such stuff as dreams are made on: and our little life is rounded with a sleep. The Tempest. Act 4. Scene 1.[19]
  • We have seen better days. As You Like It. Act 2. Scene 7.[5][50]
  • We know what we are, but know not what we may be. Hamlet. Act5. Scene 1.
  • Wear your heart on your sleeve. Othello. Act 1. Scene 1.[11]
  • What a piece of work is man. Hamlet. Act 1. Scene 1.[18]
  • What’s done is done. Macbeth. Act 3. Scene 2.[5]
  • What’s in a name? That which we call a rose by any other word would smell as sweet. Romeo and Juliet. Act 2. Scene 1.[7]
  • What is past is prologue. The Tempest. Act 2. Scene 1.[25]
  • What the dickens. Merry Wives of Windsor. Act 2. Scene 2.[11]
  • What, you egg? Macbeth. Act 4. Scene 2.[51]
  • Why there’s a wench! The Taming of the Shrew. Act 5. Scene 1.[30]
  • Wild goose chase. Romeo and Juliet. Act 2. Scene 4.[5]
  • Winged Cupid painted blind. A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Act 1. Scene 1.[52]

References

  1. ^ "Words Shakespeare Invented: List of Words Shakespeare Invented". Nosweatshakespeare.com. 6 July 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  2. ^ Borris Ford, ed. (1955). The Age of Shakespeare. Great Britain: Penguin Books. pp. 16, 51, 54–55, 64, 71, 87, 179, 184, 187–88, 197.
  3. ^ "Words Shakespeare Invented". Shakespeare-online.com. 20 August 2000. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  4. ^ "Shakespeare's Coined Words Now Common Currency". News.nationalgeographic.com. 28 October 2010. Archived from the original on 16 July 2006. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "Shakespeare's Phrases". Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. Retrieved 2025-02-16.
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Allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_idioms_attributed_to_Shakespeare
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