Legislative elections were held in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic on 26 June 1938, the first after the establishment of the Soviet Union.

The constitution of the USSR was adopted on 5 December 1936, in accordance with which elections were held for new bodies at all levels from local councils and ending with the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union.^[1]

Party		Votes	%	Seats
	All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)	59,542,993	99.46	568
	Independents			159
Against		320,496	0.54	–
Total		59,863,489	100.00	727
Valid votes		59,863,489	99.88
Invalid/blank votes		73,226	0.12
Total votes		59,936,715	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		60,368,858	99.28
Source: Open Text