Petrovsky (feminine: Petrovskaya) is a Russian-language surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Adolf Petrovsky (1887–1937), Soviet diplomat
• Alyona Petrovskaya [ru] (born 1981), Russian singer
• Boris Petrovsky (1908–2004), Soviet surgeon and politician
• Ernst-Ludwig Petrowsky (1933–2023), German jazz saxophonist
• David Petrovsky (Lipetz) (also known as Max Goldfarb, Bennett, Humboldt, Brown (1886–1937), Jewish revolutionary politician, economist, journalist, general of the Red Army, and Soviet statesman
• Grigory Petrovsky (1878–1958), Ukrainian revolutionary
• Ivan Petrovsky (1901–1973), Soviet mathematician
• Kristina Petrovskaia (born 1980), retired Russian ice hockey player
• Kyra Petrovskaya Wayne (1918–2018), Russian-American writer
• Leonid Petrovsky (1897–1941), Soviet lieutenant general
• Margarita Petrovskaya [ru] (1933–2019), Russian astronomer, the namesake of 5319 Petrovskaya, minor planet
• Nestor Petrovsky [ru] (1875–1921), Russian philologer, best known for his "Словарь русских личных имён" (Dictionary of Russian First Names)
• Nikandr Petrovsky [ru] (1891–1968), Russian teacher best known for his Dictionary of Russian First Names
• Nikolai Petrovsky (1837–1908), Russian diplomat
• Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern (born 1962), Russian-American historian, philologist and essayist

• Aleksandr Petrovsky, fictional character played by Mikhail Baryshnikov in Sex and the City

• All pages with titles containing Petrovsky
• All pages with titles containing Petrovskaya