Park Yu-ha

In this Korean name, the family name is Park.
Park Yu-ha
Hangul
박유하
Hanja
朴裕河
RRBak Yuha
MRPak Yuha

Park Yu-ha (Korean: 박유하; born March 25, 1957) is a professor at the College of Liberal Arts, Sejong University. [1] Her research focuses on Japanese–Korean relations. Her 2013 book Comfort Women of the Empire criticized the Korean interpretation of comfort women as exclusively "sex slaves."[2][3]

Academic career

Park graduated from Keio University in 1981. She earned an M.A. from Waseda University in 1989 and a Ph.D. in 1993.[4]

Comfort Women of the Empire

Synopsis

In her book Comfort Women of the Empire, Park challenged an established description of imperial Japan's military comfort station system. She describes a more complex relationship between the comfort women and soldiers.[5]

Park says requesting Japan take legal responsibility is not effective, considering the colonial status of Korea and the existence of the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea, and criticizes Jong-Dae-Hyup, (정대협, the main comfort women supporting NGO in South Korea) which has focused on the legal responsibility of Japan.[6] Furthermore, excluding other comfort women's stories which do not fit into the pre-existing image of "pure innocent teen girls who were arrested by Japanese soldiers and coerced to be sex-slaves" is actually suppressing the real victims and makes the victim groups separated.[6][7]

Therefore, considering the historical situation, the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea in 1965, and the apology and compensation of Japan in the 1990s, Park claims that requesting responsibility for Japan's colonial domination is required, rather than trying to urge Japan to accept legal liability for the War.[5]

While she does state that Korea must face the truth correctly in order to hold Japan properly responsible for its offences, she also criticizes Japan at the same time, for the rightwing extremists in Japan excuse their responsibility by the treaty between Japan and Korea in 1965 and the compensation in 1990. While Park acknowledges the treaty in 1965, she avers that Japan took legal responsibilities only for the individuals as per the necessary process after the War, and also, she censures the compensation of 1990 for failing to be disseminated throughout Korea due to the Japanese government’s ambiguous attitude.[5]

Park argues that Japan should apologize for their actions of colonial domination and the case for the Korean comfort women, both due to international significance and to allow for the opportunity of Asian integration or co-operation in the near future.[5][8]

Controversy

Park's book Comfort Women of the Empire contains a significantly different narrative about comfort women compared to the previously accepted narratives, as it describes in depth the imperialistic exploits by Japan, the patriarchal system in Korea and also the capitalistic exploits of the "dealers". This explanation brought fierce anger from the comfort women supporters since her explanation was analyzed as "virtually an exoneration to Japan" by the critics. Chong Yung-hwan, Professor at the Meiji Gakuin University criticized Comfort Women of the Empire for misinterpreting and distorting basic sources and previous research and advocating colonialism. [9][10] Nine former comfort women in Nanume-Jip (나눔의 집), seeking to ban sales of the book, filed suit in both civil and criminal court, claiming that the scholar had defamed them.[11] She was asked to pay 10 million won, or $8,262, to each of nine women. She was also accused by a Korean prosecutor.[12]

On 25 November 2015, against the indictment of Park, 54 Japanese scholars and intellectuals including Kenzaburō Ōe (大江 健三郎, Nobel Laureate),[a] Tomiichi Murayama (村山 富市, former Prime minister of Japan), Yōhei Kōno (河野 洋平, former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Japan) and Chizuko Ueno (上野 千鶴子, professor, Tokyo University) addressed statements supporting Park Yu-ha, and asking for the Korean government's withdrawal of the accusation and criticizing South Korean prosecutors for “suppressing the freedom of scholarship and press.”[14][15] 190 Korean intellectuals also followed the statements.[16] On January 17, 2017, Professor Noam Chomsky at MIT and Professor Bruce Cumings at University of Chicago joined in the previous statements addressed by Japanese scholars previously, with requesting immediate withdrawal of presecusion or sentence 'Not guilty', with supporting Park Yu-ha.[17][18]

On January 25, 2017, the 11th criminal division of Seoul Dongbu District Court acquitted Park on the defamation charges.[19] The court said "no circumstances were confirmed to indicate that standard research ethics were violated or that the dignity of victims was belittled, such as infringing on their right to self-determination and freedom of privacy and confidentiality."[20]

Works

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Elsewhere, Ōe has criticized the Japanese government for not adequately acknowledging or apologizing for comfort women.[13]

References

  1. ^ "College of Liberal Arts". Sejong University.
  2. ^ "New South Korean Academic Writings on Contemporary Japan and Japanese-Korean Relations". The Asan Institute for Policy Studies. November 22, 2013.
  3. ^ "Korean author issues call for talks on sex slave issue". The Japan Times. 30 September 2013.
  4. ^ "College of Liberal Arts". Sejong University.
  5. ^ a b c d "Rightists distort author Park Yu-ha's views on 'comfort women' | The Japan Times". 25 July 2015. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
  6. ^ a b "『제국의 위안부』 삭제판 다운로드 | 박유하 『제국의 위안부』 , 법정에서 광장으로". parkyuha.org. 13 June 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
  7. ^ "Yuha Park, How We Should Consider the Comfort Women Issue Based on Discussions between Ikuhiko Hata and Yoshiaki Yoshimi | 박유하 『제국의 위안부』 , 법정에서 광장으로". parkyuha.org. 31 May 2013. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
  8. ^ "Genichiro Takahashi, 'Comfort women' denied ownership of their memories | 박유하 『제국의 위안부』 , 법정에서 광장으로". parkyuha.org. 24 December 2014. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
  9. ^ Yung-hwan, CHONG (2015). "일본군 '위안부' 문제와 1965년 체제의 재심판" [The issue of Japanese military "Comfort Women" and retrial of 1965-regime: criticism of Park Yuha "Imperial Comfort Women"]. Critical Review of History. 111: 471–495.
  10. ^ Yung-hwan, CHONG (2016). "『제국의 위안부』, 무엇이 문제인가" [Empire’s Comfort Women and its Problems: a Refutation of Criticism by Prof. Yuha PARK.]. MARXISM (Institute for Social Sciences, Gyeongsang National University). 111: 217–234.
  11. ^ "Wartime sex slaves seek sales ban on defamatory book". The Korea Times. 15 June 2014.
  12. ^ Sang-hun, Choe (2016-01-13). "Professor Ordered to Pay 9 Who Said 'Comfort Women' Book Defamed Them". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
  13. ^ 임, 광빈 (2015-03-14). "'노벨상 작가' 오에 겐자부로, "군 위안부 문제 사죄해야"". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2025-02-18.
  14. ^ "Japanese, U.S. scholars attack Seoul's indictment of professor over 'comfort women' book". The Asahi Shimbun. November 27, 2015. Archived from the original on February 6, 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  15. ^ Yoshino, Taichiro (26 November 2015). "「帝国の慰安婦」朴裕河教授の在宅起訴に学者ら54人抗議声明". The Huffington Post - Japan Edition. The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  16. ^ "Statement against the Indictment of Professor Yuha Park | 박유하 『제국의 위안부』 , 법정에서 광장으로". parkyuha.org. 25 November 2015. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
  17. ^ "Professor Noam Chomsky's Endorsement (Jan 16, 2017) | 박유하 『제국의 위안부』 , 법정에서 광장으로". parkyuha.org. 16 January 2017. Retrieved 2017-01-18.
  18. ^ "Professor Bruce Cumings' Endorsement (Jan 17, 2017) | 박유하 『제국의 위안부』 , 법정에서 광장으로". parkyuha.org. Archived from the original on January 18, 2017. Retrieved 2017-01-18.
  19. ^ Kim, Kyu-nam (January 26, 2017). "Professor found not guilty of defaming former comfort women". The Hankyoreh. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
  20. ^ "South Korean academic acquitted of defaming 'comfort women'". France 24. 2023-10-26. Retrieved 2025-01-21.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Yu-ha