The Oregon Portage Railroad was the first railroad in the U.S. state of Oregon.[2] It was located on the south bank of the Cascades canal of the Columbia River.[3]

The railroad originally ran 4.5 miles (7.2 km)[4][5] from Tanner Creek (near where Bonneville Dam was later built) to the Cascade Locks, which were under construction in the later years of the railroad's operation.[6][7][8] It was later extended to a length of 15 miles (24 km).[9]

Although the Oregon Portage was the first railroad in Oregon, it was not the first along the Columbia River. Francis A. Chenoweth operated a rail line on the river's north bank in present-day Washington in 1851.[10][11]

History

In 1861, John W. Brazee of the Oregon Portage Company started to build a 5 ft (1,524 mm) broad gauge railroad out of a mule-and-wagon road that had been constructed by Col. Joseph S. Ruckle and Harrison Olmstead in 1856 but had been out of service since around 1858. Brazee's conversion of the road cost $50,000 USD (equivalent to $1,749,815 in 2024), and the line opened on May 20, 1861, still relying on mule power.[8][9][12] After one more year, the portage company acquired the Oregon Pony, which became the first locomotive in the Pacific Northwest,[1][13] debuting for the railroad on May 10, 1862.[14]

A group of Oregon Pioneers photographed December 31, 1915, with the Pony locomotive.

The Oregon Portage Railroad was operated by the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, which sold the railroad for $155,000 around the year 1880 (equivalent to $5,050,328 in 2024) as part of the company's sale to the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company.[1][6]

Restoration of the railroad in 1891, including a conversion to the 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge, was a result of demands from steamboat captains and delays in the construction of the Cascades Locks and Canal. Steamboat captains had voiced concerns because they needed to transport goods and passengers past the Cascades Rapids and were disappointed with the quality of the Cascades Railroad.[1][13] Once the locks were completed in 1896, however, demand for the Oregon Portage Railroad decreased.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Hilton, George W. (1997) [1990]. American Narrow Gauge Railroads. Palo Alto, California: Stanford University Press. p. 481. ISBN 0-8047-1731-1.
  2. ^ Federal Writers' Project (1940). Oregon, End of the Trail. American Guide Series. US History Publishers. p. 71. ISBN 1-60354-036-9.
  3. ^ Winther, Oscar Osburn (1969). The Old Oregon Country. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. p. 294. ISBN 0-8032-5218-8.
  4. ^ Topinka, Lyn. "Railroads, Trains and Tracks, etc". The Columbia River: A Photographic Journey. Archived from the original on September 7, 2008. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  5. ^ Tucker, Kathy. "Oregon Pony". The Oregon Encyclopedia. Portland State University. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  6. ^ a b Laubaugh, Glenn. McCoy, Ron (ed.). "The Oregon Steam Navigation Company and its Related Portage Tramways". National Railway Historical Society, Pacific Northwest Chapter. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  7. ^ Strack, Don (December 13, 2009). "Oregon Steam Navigation Co. (OSN): the Oregon Ponies". UtahRails.Net. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
  8. ^ a b "Oregon History: Emerging Economies". Oregon Blue Book. Oregon State Archives. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
  9. ^ a b Potter, Miles F. (1976). Oregon's Golden Years. Caldwell, Idaho: The Caxton Printers. pp. 49–50. ISBN 0-87004-254-8.
  10. ^ Abdill, George A. (1958). This Was Railroading. Seattle, WA: Superior Publishing Company. p. 11. ASIN B003W03I4U.
  11. ^ Terry, John (May 27, 2007). "A Little Engine That Couldn't Beat Time". The Oregonian. Portland, Oregon. p. C04.
  12. ^ Gill, Frank B. (September 1924). "Oregon's First Railway". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 25 (3). Oregon Historical Society: 171–235. JSTOR 20610279.
  13. ^ a b Strack, Don (December 13, 2009). "Oregon Steam Navigation Co. (OSN): Lower Portage (the Cascades)". UtahRails.Net. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
  14. ^ Sullivan, Ann (December 7, 1987). "Tiny Steam Engine Tugs at Old Memories". The Oregonian. Portland, Oregon. p. D15. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
  15. ^ Barber, Katrine. "Celilo Falls". The Oregon Encyclopedia. Portland State University. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
  • "Oregon's First Railway", Oregon Historical Quarterly, Volume 25, retrieved November 12, 2023 The full text of Oregon's First Railway at Wikisource

45°39′03″N 121°54′45″W / 45.6507°N 121.9126°W / 45.6507; -121.9126

Allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Portage_Railroad
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