This is a list of protoplanetary nebulae. These objects represent the final stage before a planetary nebula. During this stage, the red giant star begins to slowly expel its outermost layers of material. A protoplanetary nebula usually glows by reflecting the light from its parent star. This stage is usually brief, typically lasting no more than a few thousand years.

List

Image Name Other designation Date
discovered 		Distance
(ly)
Boomerang Nebula Centaurus Bipolar Nebula 1980 5,000
Calabash Nebula OH231.8+4.2 1786 4,200
Egg Nebula CRL 2688 1996 3,000
Frosty Leo Nebula IRAS 09371+1212 1976 3,000
Red Rectangle Nebula HD 44179 1973 2,300 ± 300
Cotton Candy Nebula IRAS 17150-3224
Water Lily Nebula IRAS 16594-4656 1977[1]
IRAS 22036+5306 6,500
Westbrook Nebula IRAS 04395+3601 1975[2] 3,600 ± 700
IRAS 13208-6020
IRAS 20068+4051
LL Pegasi IRAS 23166+1655 1975[2] 4,000
M1-92 IRAS 19343+2926 1946[3] 8,000
IRAS 19024+0044 11,000
IRAS 19475+3119 15,000
IRAS 23304+6147 1988[4] 15,000
Roberts 22 (MR 22) AFGL 4104 1962[5] 6,500[6]

References

  1. ^ Stephenson, C. B.; Sanduleak, N. (April 1977). "New H-alpha emission stars in the Milky Way". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 33: 459–469. Bibcode:1977ApJS...33..459S. doi:10.1086/190437. Retrieved March 19, 2025.
  2. ^ a b Walker, R. G. (July 1975). "AFCRL infrared sky survey. Volume 1: Catalog of observations at 4, 11, and 20 microns" (PDF). Environmental Research Papers Air Force Cambridge Research Labs., Hanscom AFB, MA.: 1–158. Bibcode:1975erp..rept.....W. Retrieved March 18, 2025.
  3. ^ Minkowski, R. (October 1946). "New Emission Nebulae". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 58 (344): 305–309. Bibcode:1946PASP...58..305M. doi:10.1086/125855. Retrieved March 18, 2025.
  4. ^ Preite-Martinez, A. (December 1988). "Possible new planetary nebulae in the IRAS point sourcecatalogue". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 76: 317–330. Bibcode:1988A&AS...76..317P. Retrieved March 18, 2025.
  5. ^ Roberts, M. S. (February 1962). "The galactic distribution of the Wolf-Rayet stars". Astronomical Journal. 67: 79–85. Bibcode:1962AJ.....67...79R. doi:10.1086/108603. Retrieved March 17, 2025.
  6. ^ Allen, D. A.; Hyland, A. R.; Caswell, J. L. (August 1980). "Roberts 22 : a bipolar nebula with OH emission". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 192 (3): 505–519. Bibcode:1980MNRAS.192..505A. doi:10.1093/mnras/192.3.505. Retrieved March 17, 2025.

See also

Allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_protoplanetary_nebulae
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