HMS Torrid was an R-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during World War I. The ship was launched on 10 February 1917 and served as part of the Harwich Force. Subsequently, Torrid was used in the 1930s as a trials ship for new anti-submarine warfare weapons, particularly playing a role in the development of ASDIC. During this time, the destroyer was commanded by Charles Pizey, later the first Chief of the Naval Staff of the Indian Navy. The vessel was wrecked off the Falmouth coast en route to being broken up on 16 March 1937.

Design and development

Torrid was one of ten R-class destroyers ordered by the British Admiralty in March 1916 as part of the Eighth War Construction Programme. The R class were a development of the preceding M-class, but differed in having geared turbines to improve fuel consumption, the central gun mounted on a bandstand and minor changes to improve seakeeping.[1]

The ship was 265 feet (80.77 m) long between perpendiculars, with a beam of 26 feet 7 inches (8.10 m) and a draught of 9 feet 8 inches (2.95 m). Displacement was 975 long tons (991 t) normal and 1,035 long tons (1,052 t) deep load. Power was provided by three Yarrow boilers feeding two Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines rated at 27,000 shp (20,000 kW) and driving two shafts, to give a design speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph).[2] Three funnels were fitted. A total load of 296 long tons (301 t) of fuel oil was carried, giving a design range of 3,440 nautical miles (6,370 km; 3,960 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).[3]

Armament consisted of three 4 in (100 mm) Mk IV QF guns on the ship's centreline, with one on the forecastle, one aft on a raised platform and one between the second and third funnels.[3] A single 2-pounder (40 mm) pom-pom anti-aircraft gun was carried, while torpedo armament consisted of two twin mounts for 21 in (533 mm) torpedoes.[2] The destroyer was fitted with racks and storage for depth charges.[4] Initially, only two depth charges were carried but the number increased in service and by 1918, the vessel was carrying between 30 and 50 depth charges.[5] The ship had a complement of 82 officers and ratings.[1]

Construction and career

Torrid was laid down by Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson at Wallsend on the River Tyne on 19 July 1916 with the yard number 1025 and launched on 10 February 1917. The ship was completed on 5 May 1917.[1][6] The destroyer was the first warship to carry the name in the Royal Navy, although it was derived from the name of a prize taken in 1798, Torride.[7] On commissioning, Torrid joined the Tenth Destroyer Flotilla of the Harwich Force.[8] Torrid remained part of the Tenth Destroyer Flotilla at the Armistice of 11 November that ended the war.[9] As the Royal Navy returned to a peacetime level of strength and both the number of ships and the amount of personnel in service needed to be reduced to save money.[10] The destroyer was reduced to Crew on 20 October 1919.[11] On 26 July 1924, the vessel was briefly taken out of reserve to participate in a naval review in front of George V.[12]

During the 1930s, Torrid was used as a trial ship for new anti-submarine weapons.[13] The ship was equipped with ASDIC in 1930, and successfully demonstrated that the system worked. Torrid subsequently used ASDIC to successfully find the sunken aircraft-carrying submarine M2 on 3 February 1932. ASDIC went on to prove invaluable in the Battle of the Atlantic.[14] The vessel was also used to trial a forward-firing anti-submarine mortar with less success.[15] During this time, between 18 December 1930 and 10 July 1931, the destroyer was commanded by Charles Pizey, later the first Chief of the Naval Staff of the Indian Navy.[16][17]

Torrid was considered as part of the planned Royal Navy deployment in defence of traffic between Port Said and Alexandria on 19 October 1935 after the start of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War but was retired before the outbreak of hostilities between Italy and the British Empire.[18] The destroyer was handed over to Thos. W. Ward of Sheffield on 27 January 1937 in exchange for RMS Majestic. However, while being towed to the breakers on 16 March 1937, the ship ran aground onto rocks at Trefusis, Falmouth.[19] The wreck was broken up and scrapped in situ, but remains of interest to divers.[20]

The ship's plaque, bearing the motto, is held by the Imperial War Museum.[21]

Pennant numbers

Pennant Number Date
F75 1917[22]
F80 1918[22]
H81 1930[22]

References

  1. ^ a b c Friedman 2009, p. 310.
  2. ^ a b Preston 1985, p. 81.
  3. ^ a b Parkes & Prendegast 1919, p. 107.
  4. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 151.
  5. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 152.
  6. ^ "Swan, Hunter, & Wigham Richardson". Lloyd's Register of Shipping: 456. 1920.
  7. ^ Manning & Walker 1959, p. 446.
  8. ^ "II — Harwich Force". Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: 13. July 1917. Retrieved 16 February 2018 – via National Library of Scotland.
  9. ^ "II.–Harwich Force". Supplement to the Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c: 13. December 1918. Retrieved 16 February 2018 – via National Library of Scotland.
  10. ^ Moretz 2002, p. 79.
  11. ^ "Torrid". The Navy List: 873. August 1920. Retrieved 16 February 2018 – via National Library of Scotland.
  12. ^ "The King and the Fleet". The Times. No. 43714. 26 July 1924. p. 14.
  13. ^ Hackmann 1984, p. 175.
  14. ^ Friedman 2012, p. 60.
  15. ^ Franklin 2014, p. 74.
  16. ^ "Alphabetical List of Officers on the Active List, Honorary Officers, and Retired Officers Serving". The Navy List: 275. July 1931.
  17. ^ "Alphabetical List of Officers on the Active List, Honorary Officers, and Retired Officers Serving". The Navy List: 217. January 1933.
  18. ^ "ADM 116/3038 British position in the event of war". The National Archives. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  19. ^ Colledge & Warlow 2006, p. 357.
  20. ^ Milburn 2012, p. 5.
  21. ^ "Plaque, HMS Torrid". IWM. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  22. ^ a b c Dittmar & Colledge 1972, p. 70.

Bibliography

  • Colledge, J.J. & Warlow, Ben (2006). Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of All Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy. London: Chatham Press. ISBN 978-1-8617-6281-8.
  • Dittmar, F.J. & Colledge, J.J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton: Ian Allan. p. 70. ISBN 978-0-7110-0380-4.
  • Franklin, George (2014). Britain's Anti-submarine Capability 1919-1939. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13577-429-5.
  • Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
  • Friedman, Norman (2012). British Destroyers & Frigates: The Second World War & After. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-52670-282-1.
  • Hackmann, Willem (1984). Seek & Strike: Sonar, Anti-Submarine Warfare and the Royal Navy 1914-54. London: HMSO. ISBN 978-0-11290-423-6.
  • Manning, Thomas Davys & Walker, Charles Frederick (1959). British Warship Names. London: Putnam. OCLC 780274698.
  • Milburn, Mark (2012). Falmouth Bay Wrecks. Falmouth: Atlantic Scuba.
  • Moretz, Joseph (2002). The Royal Navy and the Capital Ship in the Interwar Period. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-71465-196-5.
  • Parkes, Oscar & Prendegast, Maurice (1919). Jane's Fighting Ships. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd.
  • Preston, Antony (1985). "Great Britain and Empire Forces". In Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 1–104. ISBN 978-0-85177-245-5.
Allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Torrid_(1917)
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