Corallorhiza trifida

Corallorhiza trifida
Secure
Secure  (NatureServe)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Genus: Corallorhiza
Species:
C. trifida
Binomial name
Corallorhiza trifida
Châtel.
Synonyms[3]
List
    • Corallorhiza corallorhiza
    • Corallorhiza innata
    • Cymbidium corallorhiza
    • Epidendrum corallorhizon
    • Epipactis corallorhiza
    • Helleborine corallorhiza
    • Neottia corallorhiza
    • Ophrys corallorhiza

Corallorhiza trifida, commonly known as early coralroot, northern coralroot, or yellow coralroot, is a coralroot orchid native to North America and Eurasia, with a circumboreal distribution. The species has been reported from the United States, Canada, Russia, China, Japan, Korea, India, Nepal, Kashmir, Pakistan, and almost every country in Europe.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]

Description

Corallorhiza trifida is yellowish green in color, leafless, and partially myco-heterotrophic, deriving some, but not all of its nutrients from association with fungi of genus Tomentella.[12] It also contains chlorophyll, with which it supplies some of its own carbon nutrition via autotrophy.[12]

Taxonomy

Corallorhiza trifida was scientifically named by Jean Jacques Châtelain in 1760. It is classified in the genus Corallorhiza as part of the Orchidaceae family. It has no accepted subspecies or varieties, but it has 35 synonyms.[3]

Table of Synonyms[3]
Name Year Rank Notes
Corallorhiza anandae Malhotra & Balodi 1984 species = het.
Corallorhiza corallorhiza (L.) H.Karst. 1886 species ≡ hom., not validly publ.
Corallorhiza corallorhiza subsp. coloradensis Cockerell 1916 subspecies = het., not validly publ.
Corallorhiza dentata Host 1831 species = het.
Corallorhiza ericetorum Drejer 1843 species = het.
Corallorhiza halleri Rich. 1817 species = het.
Corallorhiza innata R.Br. 1813 species ≡ hom.
Corallorhiza innata var. discolor Rchb. 1830 variety = het.
Corallorhiza innata subsp. ericetorum (Drejer) Nyman 1882 subspecies = het.
Corallorhiza innata var. ericetorum (Drejer) Rchb.f. 1851 variety = het.
Corallorhiza innata var. virescens (Drejer) Farr 1904 variety = het.
Corallorhiza intacta Cham. & Schltdl. 1828 species = het., orth. var.
Corallorhiza integra Châtel. 1760 species = het.
Corallorhiza jacquemontii Decne. 1844 species = het.
Corallorhiza nemoralis Sw. ex Nyman 1882 species = het., not validly publ.
Corallorhiza neottia Scop. 1771 species = het.
Corallorhiza occidentalis Bach.Pyl. 1826 species = het.
Corallorhiza trifida var. ericetorum (Drejer) Rchb.f. 1851 variety = het.
Corallorhiza trifida f. ericetorum (Drejer) Soó 1928 form = het.
Corallorhiza trifida var. integra (Châtel.) Schinz & Thell. 1914 variety = het.
Corallorhiza trifida f. integra (Châtel.) Soó 1928 form = het.
Corallorhiza trifida f. suaveolens Bordz. 1950 form = het.
Corallorhiza trifida var. verna (Nutt.) Fernald 1946 variety = het.
Corallorhiza trifida f. verna (Nutt.) P.M.Br. 2006 form = het.
Corallorhiza trifida subsp. virescens (Drejer) Løjtnant 1996 subspecies = het.
Corallorhiza trifida var. virescens (Drejer) Farw. 1941 variety = het.
Corallorhiza verna Nutt. 1823 species = het.
Corallorhiza virescens Drejer 1843 species = het.
Corallorhiza wyomingensis Hellm. & K.Hellm. 1931 species = het.
Cymbidium corallorhiza (L.) Sw. 1800 species ≡ hom.
Epidendrum corallorhizon (L.) Poir. 1810 species ≡ hom.
Epipactis corallorhiza (L.) Crantz 1769 species ≡ hom.
Helleborine corallorhiza (L.) F.W.Schmidt 1793 species ≡ hom.
Neottia corallorhiza (L.) Kuntze 1891 species ≡ hom.
Ophrys corallorhiza L. 1753 species ≡ hom.
Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym; = heterotypic synonym
  • Closeup of a flower
    Closeup of a flower
  • Infructescence
    Infructescence

References

  1. ^ Rankou, H. (2011). "Corallorhiza trifida (Europe assessment)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011 e.T175935A7147872. Retrieved 3 October 2025.
  2. ^ NatureServe (5 September 2025). "Corallorhiza trifida". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 3 October 2025.
  3. ^ a b c "Corallorhiza trifida Châtel". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 3 October 2025.
  4. ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. ^ Gleason, H. A. & A.J. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
  6. ^ Magrath, Lawrence K.; Freudenstein, John V. (2002). "Corallorhiza trifida". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  7. ^ Chen, Xinqi; Gale, Stephan W.; Cribb, Phillip J. "Corallorhiza trifida". Flora of China. Vol. 25 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  8. ^ Böcher, T. W. 1978. Greenlands Flora 326 pp.
  9. ^ Porsild, A. E. & W. Cody. 1980. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Northwest Territories Canada i–viii, 1–607. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa.
  10. ^ Tolmatchev, A. I. 1963. Arkticheskaia Flora SSSR 4: 1–96.
  11. ^ Flora Italiana, Corallorhiza trifida Chatel.
  12. ^ a b Zimmer, K., et al. (2008). The ectomycorrhizal specialist orchid Corallorhiza trifida is a partial myco-heterotroph. New Phytologist 178:2 395-400.


allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corallorhiza_trifida