Collybia brunneocephala, also known as the brown blewit or brownit, is a species of gilled mushroom.[5] Previously designated Clitocybe brunneocephala,[2] the brownit and its lavender-colored cousin Clitocybe nuda (the wood blewit) were reassigned to the genus Collybia in 2023.[6]

Taxonomy

William Murrill originally described this species in 1913 as a Melanoleuca, based on a specimen collected by R. A. Harper in Alameda County, California.[3][4] However, based on the minimal information provided, it was not included in later descriptions of Clitocybe species.[1] The brownit was rediscovered by David Arora in Santa Cruz County, California, in the 1970s, and Howard E. Bigelow formally redescribed it in his 1982 Clitocybe monograph using Arora's specimens.[1] There was already a Clitocybe harperi, so the Bigelow gave it a new name suggestive of its brown (brunneo-) head (-cephela).[1][3] According to recent genetic studies by taxonomists in China, C. brunneocephala belongs to a subgenus designated Leucocalocybe, along with what were formerly designated Lepista personata, Lepista nuda, Lepista fibrosissima, Lepista sordida, and Leucocalocybe mongolica [zh; ru], "forming a strongly supported monophyletic clade (BP = 95%, PP = 1.00)".[6]

Description

As its name implies, the brownit is a brown-capped mushroom with light-beige gills.[2] It is of somewhat stumpy proportions.[2]

The cap is usually described as "lubricious"[2][3] and often has a rubbery-translucent gloss without being sticky; it is up to 14 centimetres (5+1⁄2 in) wide.[7] The whitish stem discolors to yellowish where touched; it is up to 6 cm (2+1⁄4 in) long.[7] The spore print is light pinkish.[7]

Similar species

The species can be confused with Entoloma lividoalbum, Entoloma sericatum, and Entoloma rhodopolium, all of which are poisonous.[3]

Brownits can also be mistaken for Collybia nuda (which it resembles in both "size and stature")[3] and Clitocybe tarda, but can be distinguished by color and size.[2] Collybia nuda often looks brown in age, but will retain undertones of lilac.[2] Clitocybe tarda mushrooms are smaller than brownits and retain some hint of purple on the cap.[2]

Distribution and habitat

The brownit can be found most frequently from December to March,[1][5] most commonly in California.[2] Often found in lawns and open meadows, sometimes in fairy rings, it also turns up under California native oaks and Monterey cypress.[8]

Uses

The brownit is considered an excellent edible mushroom.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Bigelow, Howard E. (1982). North American Species of Clitocybe. Lubrecht & Cramer Ltd, Port Jervis. pp. 176–177. ISBN 3-7682-5472-0.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. California Natural History Guides Vol. 106. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 146–147. doi:10.1525/9780520953604. ISBN 9780520953604. JSTOR 10.1525/j.ctt1pn688. LCCN 2011037103. OCLC 797915861. S2CID 132384894.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Desjardin, Dennis E.; Wood, Michael G.; Stevens, Frederick A. (2016). California Mushrooms: The Comprehensive Identification Guide. Timber Press. pp. 159–160. ISBN 978-1-60469-660-8. LCCN 2014000925. OCLC 951644583.
  4. ^ a b Murrill, William A. (1913). "The Agaricaceae of the Pacific Coast—IV. New Species of Clitocybe and Melanoleuca". Mycologia. 5 (4). Mycological Society of America, Mycological Society of New York Botanical Garden. Bronx, N.Y.: New York Botanical Garden: 217–218, 223. doi:10.1080/00275514.1913.12018520. ISSN 0027-5514. LCCN 57051730. OCLC 1640733 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  5. ^ a b "Brownit (Collybia brunneocephala)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  6. ^ a b He, Zheng-Mi; Chen, Zuo-Hong; Bau, Tolgor; Wang, Geng-Shen; Yang, Zhu L. (November 2023). "Systematic arrangement within the family Clitocybaceae (Tricholomatineae, Agaricales): phylogenetic and phylogenomic evidence, morphological data and muscarine-producing innovation". Fungal Diversity. 123 (1): 1–47. doi:10.1007/s13225-023-00527-2. ISSN 1560-2745. S2CID 265474036.
  7. ^ a b c Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. p. 496. ISBN 978-0-593-31998-7.
  8. ^ Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. pp. 154–155. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5.
Allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collybia_brunneocephala
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