Bülow or Bulow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Bülow family, a noble family from Germany with the surname "von Bülow"
• Bülow (singer) (Megan Bülow, born 1999), German-Canadian singer
• Alexander Bülow (1905–?), SS guard at Auschwitz concentration camp
• Anders Bülow (born 1994), Danish cricketer
• Anna Bülow (died 1519), Swedish writer, translator and abbess
• David Bulow (1980–2021), American soccer player and coach
• Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow (1755–1816), Prussian general
• Frits Bülow (1872–1955), Danish politician and Justice Minister
• Kai Bülow (born 1986), German footballer
• Karen Bulow (1899–1982), Danish-Canadian artist
• Marco Bülow (born 1971), German politician and journalist
• Melissa Bulow (born 1980), Australian cricketer
• William J. Bulow (1869–1960), United States Senator, Governor of South Dakota

• Andreas von Bülow (born 1937), German politician, former government minister and author of a 9/11 conspiracy book
• Babette von Bülow (1850–1927), German author of short stories, comedies and farces under the male pen name Hans Arnold
• Bernhard Ernst von Bülow (1815–1879), Danish and German statesman, father of the Bernhard von Bülow (below)
• Bernhard von Bülow, Prince (1849–1929), Chancellor of the German Empire from 1900 to 1909
• Bertha von Marenholtz-Bülow (1810–1893), German educator
• Christian von Bülow (1917–2002), Danish sailor and Olympic champion
• Christoph Carl von Bülow (1716–1788), Prussian general under Frederick the Great
• Claus (von Bülow*) (1926–2019), Anglo-Danish lawyer and socialite. (Born Claus Borberg, he adopted his mother's family name.)
• Cosima (von Bülow*) Pavoncelli (born 1967), American socialite and philanthropist, daughter of Claus (von Bülow*) and Sunny (von Bülow*)
• Cosima Wagner daughter of Franz Liszt. Wife of Hans von Bülow, she left von Bülow for composer Richard Wagner.
• Dietrich Heinrich von Bülow (1757–1807), a.k.a. Heinrich Dietrich Bülow, Prussian officer during the Napoleonic Wars, military theorist, and brother of Friedrich Wilhelm von Bülow
• Franz Joseph von Bülow (1861–1915), German writer and homosexual activist
• Frederik Rudbek Henrik von Bülow [de] (1791–1858), Danish general leading the defence of Fredericia during the 1849 Battle of Fredericia
• Friedrich Gustav von Bülow (1814–1893), founder of Bothkamp Observatory [de]
• Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow (1755–1816), Prussian general during the Napoleonic Wars
• Frits Toxwerdt von Bülow (1872–1955), Danish politician and government minister.
• Hans, Count von Bülow (1774–1825), Westphalian and Prussian statesman and senior president of Silesia
• Hans von Bülow (1830–1894), pianist, conductor and composer who married Liszt's daughter Cosima, who later left him for Richard Wagner
• Hans von Bülow (general) (1816–1897), Prussian general who fought during Austro-Prussian War, and Franco-Prussian War.
• Harry von Bülow-Bothkamp (1897–1976), German fighter ace in two World wars, brother of Walter von Bülow-Bothkamp
• Heinrich von Bülow (diplomat) (1792–1846), Prussian ambassador to England from 1827 to 1840, uncle of Bernhard
• Heinrich von Bülow (Grotekop) (died before 1395/1415?), German knight and robber baron
• Johan Hartvig Victor Carl von Bülow, Rittmester (1754–1823), Norwegian-Swedish vice general during the Swedish-Danish war of Norway
• Johann Albrecht von Bülow (1708–1776), Prussian general under Frederick the Great
• Karl von Bülow (1846–1921), German World War I field marshal
• Otto von Bülow (1911–2006), German World War II U-boat commander
• Otto von Bülow (diplomat) (1827–1901), Prussian and German diplomat.
• Sunny von Bülow (1932–2008), wife of Claus von Bülow, who was accused of poisoning her
• Vicco von Bülow a.k.a. Loriot (1923–2011), German humorist and graphic artist
• Walter von Bülow-Bothkamp (1894–1918), German fighter ace, brother of Harry von Bülow-Bothkamp

• Aadel Bülow-Hansen (1906–2001), Norwegian physiotherapist
• Vivianna Torun Bülow-Hübe (1927–2004), Swedish silversmith